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230 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what parts can the lower limb be divided into?
|
gluteal
thigh leg foot knee ankle |
|
what is the lower limb designed to do?
|
bear weight
move the body |
|
in which direction does the knee flex?
|
posteriorly
|
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what does the patella articulate with?
|
it's a free-floating bone = sesamoid
articulates with anterior surface of femur at knee |
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what does the fibula do mostly?
|
is site for muscle attachment
|
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what's the name of the deep fascia in the thigh?
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fascia lata
|
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where is the iliotibial tract, what does it look like, what does it do?
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lateral part of thigh
fibers are oriented vertically part of insertion of muscles found in hip onto lateral aspect of knee and leg |
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what does the fascia lata do?
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pumps venous blood out of lower limb
prevents muscles from bulging out, compresses veins instead |
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what's the most important superficial vein in the thigh?
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great saphenous veing
|
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where's the small saphenous vein?
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calf
|
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where does the great saphenous vein go?
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takes blood from medial foot, leg, thigh
returns blood to deep veins via saphenous opening = opening in fascia lata in proximal thigh |
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what does the great saphenous vein do?
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can be used for grafting
is very big, so can be used for iv |
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what are some superficial cutaneous nerves in the thigh
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branches of large nerves:
femoral nerve - anterior femoral cutaneous nerve obturator nerve sciatic nerve lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh = lateral femoral cutaneous nerve posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3) = largest cutaneous nerve in body |
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what are the rules of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
actions, innervation, blood supply |
action: extend leg, flex thigh
innervation: femoral nerve blood supply: femoral artery |
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rules of medial compartment of thigh
actions, innervation, blood supply |
action: adduct thigh
innervation: obturator nerve blood supply: obturator artery |
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what are the rules of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
actions, innervation, blood supply |
action: flex leg, extend thigh
innervation: sciatic nerve blood supply: perforating branches of deep femoral artery |
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what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
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1. quadriceps femoris
2. sartorius 3. iliopsoas 4. pectineus 5. tensor fascia lata |
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quadriceps femoris
insertion names of heads origins what joints are crossed by what what are actions and origins of each head |
is largest muscle in body
insertion: tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius origin of rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spine, ilium (superior to acetabulum) rectus femoris crosses two joints; hip and knee acctions of rectus femoris: flex hip, extend knee origin of other three heads: femur action of other three heads: extend knee |
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origin
insertion actions of sartorius muscle |
origin: anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: medial part of proximal tibia action: flexes, abducts, laterally rotates hip flexes knee |
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insertion
action innervation components of iliopsoas muscle |
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
action: flexors of hip innervation: iliacus from femoral n. psoas major from lumbar plexus iliopsoas made from iliacus and psoas major muscle fibers combining |
|
pectineus
origin insertion action innervation which compartment is it in? |
origin: superior pubic ramus
insertion: femur, distal to lesser trochanter action: flexes, adducts thigh innervation: femoral nerve, also obturator n. can be either in anterior ormedial compartments |
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tensor fasciae latae
where is it? which compartments is it in? origin: insertion: actions: innveration: |
location: border of anterior compartment and gluteal region
lateral part of thigh near iliac crest origin: iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine insertion: iliotibial tract on lateral side of proximal tibia actions: steadies trunk over thigh when standing flex, abduct thigh at hip keeps knee extended innervation: superior gluteal nerve |
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exceptions to anterior compartment:
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sartorius - flexes knee
psoas major not innervated by femoral n. pectineus and tensor fasciae latae share features of two compartments |
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where do most muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh go, what do they usually do?
how does obturator nerve get into lower limb what does obturate mean |
cross hip joint - only 1 muscle continues to cross knee
adduct thigh at hip also called adductor compartment obturator foramen is where obturator nerve passes through obturate means to close over or to obliterate obturator canal is small gap open to vessels and nerves through obturator foramen |
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what are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
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adductors - there are three
adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus gracilis obturator externus |
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adductors of medial compartment
origin: insertion: what's the hamstring of the adductor magnus? innervation |
origin: pubis
insertion: linea aspera hamstring part of adductor magnus: origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: adductor tubercle of femur innervation: obturator nerve except for hamstring part of adductor magnus which is innervated by tibial part of sciatic nerve - same as hamstrings action of hamstring part of adductor magnus: extends thigh |
|
gracilis
origin: insertion: actions: |
origin: pubis
insertion: medial part of tibia action: adductor of thigh at hip flexes leg at knee |
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obturator externus
location: insertion: actions |
location: external surface of membrane covering obturator foramen
insertion: femur in gluteal region action: rotate thigh laterally |
|
what's a groin pull referring to?
|
injury to proximal attachment of thigh muscles in anterior and/or medial compartment
|
|
what are borders of femoral triangle
what's in the femoral triangle |
borders:
superior - inguinal ligament laterally - sartorius medially - adductor longus floor - iliopsoas, pectineus contents from lateral to medial NAVEL N - femoral nerve A - femoral artery V - femoral vein E - femoral canal - weak spot in abdominal wall site of femoral hernia Empty space L - lymphatics |
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what happens to the femoral nerve in the lower limb?
|
anterior compartment innervator
L2-L4 iliacus muscle in abdomen sartorius quadriceps femoris cutaneous branches supplying skin of anterior thigh saphenous nerve is exampe of major cutaneous branches - becomes cutaneous nerve on medial part of leg, ankle, foot |
|
what are you testing in patellar reflex test?
|
femoral nerve
|
|
what's the path of the obturator nerve in the lower limb?
|
from L2-L4
adductors small patch of skin on medial thigh peritoneum in pelvis |
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what's the principal blood supply to lower limb?
|
femoral artery
|
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what's the path of the femoral artery in the lower limb
|
branches at femoral triangle to form deep artery of thigh - this goes to posterior compartment of thigh via branches
deep to sartorius in space called subsartorial canal, adductor canal, Hunter's canal, goes along to knee on posterior or flexor side of knee - popliteal artery |
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what's the path of the obturator artery in the lower limb
|
through obturator canal into lower limb
supplies muscles of medial compartment |
|
what makes up the gluteal region?
|
gluteal muscles, blood supply, innervation
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, superior gluteal nerve short lateral rotators of thigh - superior and inferior gemellus muscles quadratus femoris sciatic nerve - tibial nerve = L4-S3 common fibular nerve L4-S2 |
|
where is the gluteus minimus muscle
what innervates it actions |
deep to gluteus medius
innervation: superior gluteal nerve - L4-S1 actions: assists medius in stabilizing pelvis abduction of thigh medial or internal rotator of thigh |
|
what are parts of sciatic nerve
what spinal levels do they come from enters gluteal region from where? path innervates what where does it split |
tibial nerve - L4-S3
common fibular nerve - also called peroneal nerve = L4-S2 these two nerves wrapped in common connective tissue sheath = sciatic n. path: enters gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen passes inferiorly and deep to gluteus maximus not supply muscles of gluteal region, innervates muscles of posterior thigh, leg, foot splits in thigh sometimes split in gluteal region if this happens, common fibular nerve may pass through or superior to piriformis muscle |
|
contents of posterior compartment of thigh
|
hamstring muscles
tibial part of sciatic nerve blood supply - perforating branches of ddeep artery of thigh, branch of femoral artery |
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what are the short lateral rotators of the thigh?
|
piriformis
obturator internus superior and inferior gemellus muscles quadratus femoris |
|
where do the superior and inferior gemellus muscles originate and insert?
|
origin: lesser sciatic foramen
insertions: tendon of obturator internus |
|
where's the quadratus femoris
|
spans hip
origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur |
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what is in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
|
hamstring muscles
|
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what do the hamstring muscles do?
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extend thigh, flex leg
|
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what innervates the hamstring muscles?
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tibial part of sciatic nerve
|
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what's the blood supply to the hamstring muscles?
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perforating branches of deep artery of thigh, branch of femoral artery
|
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what are the hamstring muscles, where are they?
what do they look like? |
1. semitendinosus
half muscle belly and half tendon 2. semimembranosus broad sheet-like tendon 3. long head of biceps femoris biceps femoris is 2-headed muscle all above are located in posterior compartment of thigh |
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what are the origins and insertions of hamstring muscles
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origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: proximal part of leg semitendinosus and semimembranosus medially and biceps femoris laterally onto head of fibula |
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what do the hamstring muscles do?
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extend hip joint
flex knee muscles inserting on tibia medially rotate tibia biceps femoris laterally rotates tibia with foot off floor |
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origin, insertion, action, innervation f short head of biceps femoris
|
origin: femur shaft
insertion: with long head onto fibula head action: just knee innervation: common fibular nerve or common fibular part of sciatic nerve, depending on where split takes place |
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why is the "hamstring part" of adductor magnus not a good name?
|
it extends thigh
innervation: tibial part of sciatic nerve doesn't cross knee |
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what is the popliteal fossa? what does it look like
|
depression behind knee
roughly diamond-shaped |
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what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa
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superolaterally - biceps femoris
superomedially - semimembranosus and semitendinosus inferolaterally and inferomedially - heads of gastrocnemius |
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what's in the popliteal fossa?
|
fat, lymphatics, small saphenous vein, popliteal artery (continuation of femoral artery), popliteal vein, two major nerves - tibial and common fibular nerves
|
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where is the popliteus muscle
origin, insertion, action, innervation of popliteus muscle |
deep in popliteal fossa
origin: lateral condyle of femur insertion: proximal tibia action: weak flexor of knee helps unlock knee medially by rotating tibia on femur innervation: tibial nerve |
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what's the path of the popliteal artery and its branches?
|
1. in leg, popliteal artery divides into anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery
2. anterior goes to anterior compartment of leg posterior goes to posterior compartment of leg 3. branch of posterior - fibular or peroneal artery this branches to lateral compartment |
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what's the path of the tibial nerve
|
vertically through popliteal fossa
innervates muscles around posterior part of knee = popliteus, heads of gastrocnemius passes to posterior compartment of leg |
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path of common fibular nerve
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1. medial margin of biceps femoris toward neck of fibula
2. wraps around fibula beneath skin - can be cut, crushed 3. near neck of fibula, divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve |
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what does the superficial fibular nerve innervate and what nerve does it come from?
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innervates lateral compartment of leg and comes from common fibular nerve
|
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what does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
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anterior compartment of leg
|
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where does the sural nerve come from
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tibial and common fibular nerve in popliteal fossa
|
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what does the sural nerve do/
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supplies skin on posterior and lateral part of leg, lateral side of foot
|
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where does the saphenous nerve come from?
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is terminal cutaneous branch of femoral nerve
|
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what does the saphenous nerve do?
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supplies skin on anterior and medial parts of knee, leg and medial side of foot
|
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fibular can be referred to by another word - what is that word?
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peroneal
|
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what are the joints in teh lower limb
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1. hip
2. knee 3. ankle 4. metatarsophalangeal 5. interphalangeal 6,7. proximal and distal tibiofibular 8. joints tween tarsal bones - where inversion, eversion take place |
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what innervates the gluteus maximus?
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inferior gluteal nerve?
|
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what kinds of actions happen at hip
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flexion, extension
abduction, adduction rotation circumduction |
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what are ligmaments in hip joint?
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1. iliofemoral ligament
2. ischiofemoral ligament 3. pubofemoral ligament |
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where is the iliofemoral ligament
what does it do? |
anterior part of joint
prevents overextension |
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where is the ischiofemoral ligament, and what does it do?
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posterior (to what?!) part of joint
limits extension of hip as well |
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where is the pubofemoral ligament, what does it do?
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inferior part of hip joint
prevents hyperabduction |
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what's another ligament that i forgot to include in the hip joint?
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ligament of the head of the femur
|
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what is the path of the ligament of the head of the femur
|
from head of femur to acetabulum in joint
|
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what does ligament of head of femur do?
|
in kids, protects small blood vessel that nourishes head during development
|
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what's teh blood supply to the head of the femur
|
branches of femoral artery
branches reach femur neck distlly, travel proximally along bone |
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what actions are possible at the knee
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some rotation
flexion, extension |
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what articulations makes up the knee joint
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1. condyles of femur and tibia
2. patella and femur anterior to joint |
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what are the ligaments that reinforce the knee?
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collateral ligmanets - tibial or medial collateral ligament
fibular or lateral collateral ligament |
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what do the collateral ligaments do
|
reinforce joint laterally and medially
|
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what's the path of the anterior cruciate ligament
|
from anterior part of intercondylar region of tibia
posteriorly to femur |
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what does the anterior cruciate ligament do?
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prevents femur from slipping posteriorly relative to tibia when knee flexed
prevents hyperextension of knee |
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where is teh posterior cruciate ligament
|
from posterior part of intercondylar region of tibia
goes anteriorly to femur |
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what does the posterior cruciate ligament do
|
stabilizes femur when knee flexed, prevents anterior displacement of femur
when weight-bearing on flexed knee, like when walking downstairs, posterior cruciate stabilizes femur |
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what are the medial meniscus and lateral meniscus made of?
|
cartilage
|
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where are the menisci?
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on articular surfaces of condyles of tibia, are anchored to tibia
medial meniscus attached also to tibial collateral ligament |
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what's a common injury at the knee?
|
tibial collateral ligament and medial meniscus often injured together
|
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what's a severe knee injury?
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anterior cruciate ligament tear
|
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where are major vessels and nerves usually found?
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on flexor side of joints
|
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what are the compartments of the leg and what do they generally do?
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anterior: inverts, weak eversion and dorsiflexion of foot
lateral: everts foot posterior: inverts and plantar flexes foot |
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where is the anterior compartment of the leg?
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lateral to tibia
|
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what does the anterior compartment of leg do?
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dorsiflex ankle,
invert foot extend toes |
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what's the innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?
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deep fibular nerve
|
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what's the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?
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anterior tibial artery
|
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what's an important clinical correlate for the anterior compartment of the leg?
|
shin splints = inflammation of anterior compartment muscles
|
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what's something important to remember about the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
|
fibularis tertius is not a muscle itself - it is just the muscle fibers in extensor digitorum longus attached to lateral side of foot instead of to toe
|
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name muscles of anterior compartment of leg
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tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius |
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what's the main action of the tibialis anterior?
|
dorsiflexes ankle
inverts foot |
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what's the main action of the extensor hallucis longus
|
extends big toe,
dorsiflexes ankle |
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what's the main action of the extensor digitorum longus
|
extends toes 2-5
dorsiflexes ankle |
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what's the action of the fibularis tertius muscle fibers?
|
dorsiflexes ankle
everts foot |
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what are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
|
1. fibularis longus
2. fibularis brevis |
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what's origin of muscles of lateral compartment of leg
|
fibula
|
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what's the innervation and actions of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
|
innervation: superficial fibular nerve
action: evert foot |
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what's the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
|
perforating branches of anterior tibial artery and fibular artery from posterior compartment
|
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what's the insertion of fibularis brevis?
|
base of 5th metatarsal
tendon usually passes posterior to transverse axis of ankle joint |
|
actions of fibularis brevis
|
everts foot and weak plantar flexor of foot
|
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why does the base of the 5th metatarsal get fractured in severe ankle sprain?
|
because fibularis brevis inserts there and when you have excessive inversion of foot, can get break
|
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what's the insertion of the fibularis longus?
|
tendon of fibularis longus wraps around sole of foot, inserts onto base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
|
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what's a function of the tendon of the fibularis longus
|
support the transverse arch of foot
|
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what causes foot drop?
|
injury to common fibular nerve
paralyzes muscles in anterior and lateral compartments leads to loss of dorsiflexion of ankle |
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what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
|
superficial
1. gastrocnemius 2. soleus 3. plantaris deep 1. popliteus 2. tibialis posterior 3. flexor hallucis longus 4. flexor digitorum longus |
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what's teh innervation to the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
|
tibial nerve
|
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what does the gastrocnemius do?
|
plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee
|
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what does the soleus do?
|
plantar flexes ankle
steadies leg on foot while standing |
|
what does the plantaris do?
|
plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee
|
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what's the insertion points of the superficial part of the posterior compartment of the leg?
|
calcaneous
|
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what's the triceps surae?
|
apparently the combination of the gastrocnemius and soleus
|
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what does the popliteus do?
|
unlocks knee at onset of flexion
|
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what does the tibialis posterior do?
|
plantar flexes ankle, inverts foot
|
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what does the flexor hallucis longus do?
|
flexes big toe, plantar flexes ankle
|
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what does the flexor digitorum longus do?
|
flexes toes 2-5
plantar flexes ankle |
|
which muscles are in the superficial and deep groups of the posterior compartment of the leg?
|
superficial:
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris deep: popliteus, tibialis posterior flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus |
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what does tom, dick and harry mean? what are they? where do they come from? what's their significance?
|
relationships of tendons from deep part of posterior compartment
posterior and inferior to medial malleolus T = tibialis posterior D = digitorum longus H = hallucis longus |
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where does the tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery travel through to get to foot?
|
tween dick and harry
|
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what are the muscles on the dorsum of the foot?
|
1. extensor digitorum brevis
2. extensor hallucis brevis |
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what tendons of which muscles are also on the dorsum of the foot?
|
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus |
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what innervates the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
|
deep fibular nerve
|
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what artery supplies the dorsum of the foot? where is this artery?
|
dorsalis pedis from anterior tibial artery
tween tendons of extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus |
|
what does the talus bone articulate with?
|
superiorly - tibia
laterally - fibular inferiorly - calcaneous anteriorly - navicular |
|
what are the articulations of the calcaneous bone?
|
superiorly - talus
anteriorly - cuboid |
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what are the names of some of the joints in the foot?
|
1. subtalar joint
2. talonavicular joint - also talocalcaneounavicular joint 3. calcaneocuboid joint |
|
what two joints together make the transverse tarsal joint
|
1. talonavicular joint
2. calcaneoucuboid joint |
|
where does inversion and eversion of the foot take place?
|
subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
|
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what are the joints called between the metatarsal bones and phalanges?
|
metatarsophalangeal joints (MP)
|
|
what actions take place at MP joints in foot?
|
flexion, extension
abduction, adduction - usually minimal since muscles in foot not strong due to shoes |
|
what actions take place at interphalangeal joints?
|
flexion, extension
|
|
how are the muscles of the sole of the foot organized?
|
4 layers; 3 compartments
|
|
what are the compartments of muscles in the sole of the foot?
|
one that acts on big toe
other that acts on little toe final group are centrally located muscles assisting long flexors |
|
what are the four muscles of the sole of the foot that i need to know?
|
1. abductor hallucis
2. flexor digitorum brevis 3. abductor digiti minimi 4. quadratus plantae |
|
what layers do the musles of the sole of the foot that i need to know take up?
|
need to know muscles of entire first layer:
abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi PLUS one muscle of second layer quadratus plantae |
|
what's the innervation to the first layer muscles of sole of foot and quadratus plantae of 2nd layer?
|
abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis are all innervated by medial plantar nerve
abductor digiti minimi and quadratus plantae are both innervated by lateral plantar nerve |
|
what does the abducotr hallucis do?
|
abducts and flexes big toe
|
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what does the flexor digitorum brevis do?
|
flexes toes 2-5
|
|
what does the abductor digiti minimi do?
|
abducts little toe
|
|
what does the quadratus plantae do?
|
adjusts pull of FDL
|
|
what kind of joint is the ankle joint?
|
hinge
|
|
what actions are allowed at the ankle joint?
|
dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
|
|
what makes up the ankle joint?
|
talus with fibula and tibia
|
|
what are the ligaments associated with the ankle medially and laterally?
|
medial - deltoid ligament - very strong
3 lateral collateral ligaments 1. posterior talofibular ligament 2. anterior talofibular ligament 3. calcaneofibular ligament - inferior |
|
which ligaments are prone to injury from excessive inversion
|
calcaneofibular and anterior talofibular
|
|
what usually results in a fracture at the ankle?
|
excessive eversion
|
|
what causes a trendelenburg sign?
|
loss of superior gluteal nerve L4-S1
loss of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus hip loses stability during swing if asked to stand on one foot and hip falls to lifted side patient has positive trendelenburg sign |
|
what happens when femoral nerve cut at origin
|
hip flexion wek
leg extension almost completely lost strength of knee extension not good sensation over anterior thigh and medial malleolus sucks |
|
how do you test for femoral nerve problems?
|
knee jerk reflex
|
|
what branch of femoral nerve supplies skin over medial malleolus?
|
look it up
|
|
what happens when obturator nerve damaged?
|
L2-L4
traumatized by head of baby during difficult birth thigh adduction is weak small patch of skin on medial part of thigh almost numb or tingling sensation to some of peritoneum in pelvis |
|
what's sciatica?
|
is symptom - pain and weakness from compression of sciatic nerve or its roots
common cause is bulging intervertebral disc also caused by atrophy or tightening of piriformis muscle, even tumor |
|
how to test for sciatica?
|
straight leg test
stretches sciatic nerve, illicits pain |
|
what's reflex test for sciatic nerve?
|
achille's jerk
tests sciatic and tibial nerve - especially S1 |
|
what happens if sciatic nerve cut?
|
severe muscle loss - leg remains extended and foot immobilized
|
|
how is injury usually caused to common fibular nerve?
|
L4-S2
nerve is superficial and near bone at neck of fibula can be cut or crushed by car bumper, poorly fitted ski boots or prolonged period in stirrups of obstetric delivery table |
|
what's result of injury to common fibular nerve?
|
foot drop
dorsiflexors are innervated by common fibular nerve, so they can't work people have high stepping gait so toes can clear floor foot strikes floor with thud |
|
what does the common fibular nerve innervate?
|
dorsiflexors of foot
dorsum of foot - superficial fibular nerve cleft tween big toe and second toe - deep fibular nerve |
|
how do you test the common fibular nerve?
|
test the ability to extend the big toe
|
|
what happens with an injury to the tibial nerve?
|
difficult to plantar flex foot
hard to flex or spread toes heel strikes floor when walking - result is foot slap can't push off ground, walking is difficult |
|
what's an abnormal cutaneous result from injury to the tibial nerve?
|
cutaneous sensation over lateral side of sole of foot
|
|
what's the path and the muscles innervated by the femoral nerve - trace it through the lower limb
|
abdomen: iliacus
thigh: sartorius pectineus quadriceps femoris - patellar ligament BRANCH: anterior femoral cutaneous nerve leg: BRANCHES: saphenous nerve skin to medial side foot: skin to medial malleolus |
|
trace path of obturator nerve in lower limb - what muscles does it innervate
|
nothing until thigh:
pectineus? gracilis adductor magnus (adductor part) adductor longus adducctor brevis |
|
trace path of tibial nerve in lower limb
what muscles does it innervate what branches does it have? |
thigh:
semitendinosus biceps femoris long head semimembranosus adductor magnus - hamstring part leg: gastrocnemius soleus plantaris popliteus tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus skin of ankle foot medial plantar nerve - plantar muscles, skin of sole lateral plantar nerve - plantar muscles, skin of sole |
|
trace path of common fibular nerve in lower limb
what muscles does it innervate what branches does it have? |
thigh: biceps femoris - short head
leg: BRANCH: 1. sural nerve - also branches in leg to skin to lateral side in foot to skin of lateral and little toe 2. superficial fibular nerve - branches to fibularis longus and fibularis brevis, supplies skin of dorsum of foot 3. deep fibular nerve tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius skin of cleft tween 1st and 2nd toe |
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where does sural nerve come from, where does it go and what does it do?
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comes off of common fibular nerve at knee
innervates skin to lateral side of leg and skin of lateral side of foot and little toe |
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where does deep fibular nerve come from, where does it go and what does it do?
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comes from common fibular nerve at knee
innervates 4 muscles of anterior compartment tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius skin of cleft tween 1st and 2nd toe |
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where does superficial fibular nerve come from, where does it go and what does it do?
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comes from common fibular nerve at knee
innervates fibularis longus and fibularis brevis skin of dorsum of foot |
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what is cranial nerve I?
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olfactory nerve
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what's the function of the olfactory nerve?
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conveys sense of smell directly to brain ABOVE brain stem
perception, discrimination, reflexes |
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what's cranial nerve II?
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optic nerve
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what are the structures around the optic nerve?
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optic chiasm
optic tract thalamus |
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where's the thalamus?
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is end of CN II or optic nerve
above level of brainstem for perception, discrimination and reflexes |
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what's the optic tract compared to the optic nerve?
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tract is after chiasm
nerve is before chiasm |
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where's the optic chiasm?
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connection tween optic nerves
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what's the function of the optic nerve?
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carries visual info to thalamus, part of brain
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what's the name of CN III?
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oculomotor nerve
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what muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve?
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Levator palpebrae superioris
medial recctus superior rectus inferior oblique inferior rectus sphincter pupillae ciliary muscle |
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what does the levator palpebrae do?
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it elevates the upper eyelid
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what do the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus do?
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they adduct, elevate and depress eyeball
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what does the sphincter pupillae do?
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constricts pupil
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what does the ciliary muscle do?
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alters lens shape for accomodation
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what nerve innervates the superior oblique?
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trochlear nerve, CN IV
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what does the lateral rectus do?
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abducts eyeball
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what nerve innervates the lateral rectus?
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CN VI
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what's the name of CN VI?
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abducent nerve
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what does the ciliary muscle do?
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increases convexity of lens
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where does the LPS insert into?
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cartilage of upper lid
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what muscles are used when the eyes cross?
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medial recti
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what's another name for eye crossing?
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bilateral adduction
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what happens to the pupils in bilateral adduction?
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pupil becomes smaller
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what is accomodation?
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changes in the eye to focus on near objects
1. pupillary constriction 2. convergence of eyes to contraction of medial recti 3. increase in convexity of lens |
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which of following is not a function of CN III?
accomodation adduction of eye abducction of eye pupillary constriction opening the eye |
abduction
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what muscles contract when eyes move right?
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Left - medial rectus
right - lateral rectus |
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what muscles contract when the eyes move left?
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left - lateral rectus
right - medial rectus |
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what muscles elevate the eyes?
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superior rectus
inferior oblique |
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what muscles depress the eyes?
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inferior rectus
superior oblique |
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what muscles contract when eyes elevate and look right?
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left - inferior oblique
right - superior rectus |
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what muscles contract when eyes are depressed and move to right?
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left - superior oblique
right - inferior rectus |
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can recti or obliques adduct the eyes?
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no
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what muscles are contracting when the eyes elevate and look left?
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left - superior rectus
right - inferior oblique |
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what muscles depress and turn eyes left?
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left - inferior rectus
right - superior oblique |
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what does A BREAD O'Bananas mean?
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rectus muscles ABduct
oblique muscles ADduct |
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which pair of eye muscles work together to move eyees down and to right:
right IR, left IO right IO, left IR right SO, left IR right IR, left SO right IO, left SO |
right IR and left SO
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what's the name of CN V?
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trigeminal nerve
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what are the names of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, CN V?
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V1 = ophthalmic
V2 = maxillary V3 - mandibular |
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what kind of nerves are in V1 and V2?
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sensory only
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what kind of nerves are in V3?
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sensory and motor
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does the trigeminal nerve have preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
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no
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which ganglia hitch rides on trigeminal nerve?
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ciliary ganglion - V1
pterygopalatine ganglion - V2 submandibular ganglion - V3 otic ganglion - V3 |
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what parasympathetic ganglion attaches to mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve?
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otic
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what parasympathetic ganglia attach to maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve?
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pterygopalatine
submandibular |
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what parasympathetic ganglion attaches to ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve?
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ciliary ganglion
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what's the path of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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through superior orbital fissure
out of orbit to face and scalp |
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what's the path of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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through foramen rotundum
to pteygopalatine fossa through infraorbital foramen to face and scalp |
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what's the path of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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through foramen ovale
to infratemporal fossa to mandible through mental foramen to face and scalp |
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what happens to the terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve in the face?
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become cutaneous nerves both head and face
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what are the major functions of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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4 muscles of mastication
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what are the 4 muscles of mastication?
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1. masseter
2. lateral pterygoid 3. medial pterygoid 4. temporalis |
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what's the mylohyoid?
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anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani and tensor palati
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what's the sensory distribution of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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top of nose
over forehead top, medial part of scalp |
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where's the sensory distribution of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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cheek, frontal part of zygomatic bone
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where's the sensory distribution of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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jaw, chin, temporal area
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