Lower Limb Anatomy

Front 1

Femur Neck Fracture

Back 1

interruption of blood supply from medial femoral circumflex artery
quadriceps femoris, adductors, hamstrings pull distal fragment up
lower limb is shortened with lateral rotation

Front 2

dislocation of femoral head

Back 2

usually with age (osteoporosis)
requires hip replacement
shortened lower limb with medial rotation

Front 3

Pertrochanteric fracture

Back 3

femoral fracture through the trochanters
a form of extracapsular hip fracture

Front 4

Dislocated knee or fractured distal femur

Back 4

may injure popliteal artery because of its deep position adjacent to the femur and knee joint capsule

Front 5

Transverse patellar fracture

Back 5

from blow to the knee or sudden contraction of the quadriceps muscle.
proximal fragment pulled superiorly with the quadriceps tendon, distal fragment remains with the patellar ligament

Front 6

Bumper Fracture

Back 6

lateral tibial condyle, caused by car
associated with common peroneal nerve injury

Front 7

Pott's fracture (Dupuytren's Fracture)

Back 7

fracture of the lower end of the fibular, usually with medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament.
cause: forced eversion of the foot

Front 8

Pilon Fracture

Back 8

fracture of distal metaphysis of the tibia extending into the ankle joint

Front 9

Fracture of the fibular neck

Back 9

may cause injury to common peroneal nerve- results in paralysis of all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg (dorsiflexors and everters of the foot), causing foot drop

Front 10

March fracture

Back 10

stress fracture
fatigue of one of the metatarsals, which may result from prolonged walking
female ballet dancers

Front 11

Coxa Valga

Back 11

angle axis of femoral neck to shaft exceeds 135 degrees

Front 12

Coxa Vara

Back 12

angle of axis of femoral neck to shaft is less than 135 degrees

Front 13

Hemarthrosis

Back 13

blood in a joint
usually causes a rapid swelling of the injured knee joint, (inflammatory joint effusion causes slow swelling)

Front 14

Anterior drawer sign

Back 14

forward sliding of tibia on femur due to rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament

Front 15

Posterior drawer sign

Back 15

backward sliding of the tibia on the femur, caused by rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament

Front 16

medial meniscus

Back 16

is more frequently torn than the lateral because of its strong attachment to the tibial collateral ligament

Front 17

Unhappy Triad

Back 17

cleated shoe planted, knee struck from lateral side
1. rupture of tibial collateral ligament
2. tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament
3. injury to medial meniscus

Front 18

Knock-knee (genu valgum)

Back 18

-tibia bent laterally
-collapse of lateral compartment of knee
-rupture of medial collateral ligament

Front 19

Bowleg (genu varum)

Back 19

-tibia is bent medially
-collapse of medial compartment of knee
-rupture of lateral collateral ligament

Front 20

Patellar Tendon Reflex

Back 20

tap on pat. tendon elicits extension
-both afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex arc in femoral nerve (L2-4)

Front 21

Patella Ligament

Back 21

can be used for surgical repair of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint

Front 22

Housemaid's Knee

Back 22

inflammation and swelling of the prepatellar bursa

Front 23

Gluteal gait

Back 23

-gluteus medius limp
-pelvis falling toward unaffected side when the opposite leg is raised
-results from paralysis of gluteus medius muscle, which normally functions to stabilize the pelvis when opposite foot is off the ground

Front 24

Intramuscular injection of drugs

Back 24

superior lateral quadrant of the gluteal region