Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Barium may cause the client to be...
|
Constipated
|
|
|
When passed in stool, barium is what color?
|
White
|
|
|
List some pre-procedure orders for a patient undergoing a barium enema or colonoscopy.
|
Clear liquids 24 hours prior
NPO at midnight prior GoLytely or another bowel prep to clear Versed |
|
|
A patient was given Versed for a scoping procedure. List some nursing cares.
|
Vital signs q 4hr
Bedrails up Aldredi score |
|
|
List some complications of barium enemas & lower GI scoping procedures.
|
Hemorrhage
Perforation Perotinitis (caused by perforation) |
|
|
A patient underwent a polypectomy. There is now a small amount of blood in his stool. What should the nurse do?
|
Continue monitoring. A small amount of blood is expected after a polypectomy.
|
|
|
List labs that need to be done prior to barium enemas & lower GI scoping procedures. Include rationales.
|
CBC- obtain baseline, check for anemia, infection
Electrolytes- especially potassium (for baseline) BUN/Creat.- to assess for renal problems, to assess hydration PT/PTT- baseline, bleeding dendancies Liver function tests- prior to narcotics, affects clotting |
|
|
What type of stool is produced by an ostomy from the ascending colon?
|
Very liquid, very caustic stool
Monitor skin around ostomy |
|
|
What type of stool is produced by an ostomy from the transverse colon?
|
Semi-liquid
|
|
|
What type of stool is produced by an ostomy from the descending colon?
|
Semi-formed, less caustic
|
|
|
What type of stool is produced by an ostomy from the sigmoid colon?
|
Semi-formed, nearly "normal" in formation
|
|
|
A patient's ostomy is pale and dusky upon inspection. Is this normal?
|
No, this could indicate decreased blood flow to the ostomy or other complications
|
|
|
A patient's ostomy is black and purple upon inspection. Is this normal?
|
No. Black and purple coloring may indicate necrosis and lack of blood supply to the ostomy.
|
|
|
What should the nurse check for in the output from a patient with a Kock pouch ileostomy?
|
Pills. Pills, especially enteric coated ones, may not be absorbed and may pass in the stool.
|
|
|
What is an "STD" sign and when does it get hung in a patient's room?
|
An STD sign indicates no enemas, rectal tubes, rectal temps., or suppositories for the patient.
STD signs are used for patients without a rectum or with an ileoanal anastomosis/ileoanal resevoir |
|
|
An irreducible hernia is also called...
|
An encarcerated hernia
|
|
|
A patient had an ostomy created 3 days ago. The ostomy has not yet produced any stool. What should the nurse do?
|
Continue to monitor for output. Because of paralytic ileus, output from a new ostomy may take at least 3 days post op (may be 4-5)
|
|
|
Name two types of hernias that may be direct or indirect.
|
Femoral
Inguinal |
|
|
What is a direct hernia?
|
A herniation through a weakness in the abdominal wall
|
|
|
What is an indirect hernia?
|
A herniation through the femoral or inguinal ring
|
|
|
Name 2-3 important post-op orders for a patient who had hernia fixation.
|
Avoid coughing
Avoid lifting more than 10lbs Avoid valsalva Avoid tub baths |
|
|
What preparation is necessary for a patient who will undergo colon surgery?
|
Bowel prep- GoLytely, etc.
Bowel sterilization- Flagyl, Neomysin |
|
|
What medications are used pre-op to prepare the bowel for colon surgery?
|
Antibiotics- Flagyl, Neomysin
|
|
|
Name 5-6 important post-op cares for a patient who had colon surgery.
|
Irrigate NG tube every 2-4hrs
SMI every hour (ten attempts/hour) Note paralytic ileus (3days) Splinting to prevent dehisence Pain management Stool softeners Skin care |
|
|
What will the labs look like when there is a possible diagnosis of intestinal obstruction?
|
H/H- elevated (dehydration)
BUN/creat.- elevated (dehydration) Na- decreased (vomit) Cl- decreased (vomit) K- decreased (vomit) |
|
|
Name 3-4 important pre-op cares for a patient who will undergo appendectomy
|
NPO
IV fluids NO bowel cleansing NO heat to the area Analgesia AFTER diagnosis only |
|
|
What diet teaching should be done for a patient newly diagnosed with Ulcerative Colitis
|
Low fiber
High protein |
|
|
A patient with ulcerative colitis asks if his surgery will cure him? Is this possible?
|
Yes
|
|
|
A patient with Chrohn's disease asks if her surgery will cure her? Is this possible?
|
No
|
|
|
What diet should a patient with Crohn's disease be on?
|
Low fiber
High protein |
|
|
Is bleeding more common in...
A. Ulcerative colitis B. Crohn's disease |
A. Ulcerative colitis
|
|
|
Is steatorrhea more common in...
A. Ulcerative colitis B. Crohn's disease |
B. Crohn's diease
|
|
|
What is steatorrhea and what disease is it common in?
|
Steatorrhea is fat-containing, foul-smelling diarrhea stools that is common in Crohn's disease
|
|
|
A patient with Crohn's disease may need anti-inflammatory medication for how long?
|
Up to one year
|
|
|
A patient with ulcerative colitis may need anti-inflammatory medication for how long?
|
Up to one year
|
|
|
What diet should a patient with diverticulosis be one?
|
Increased fiber
Avoid seeds, nuts, etc. |
|
|
What diet is a patient with acute diverticulitis on?
|
NPO
Clear liquids if tolerated |
|
|
Name 3-4 nursing cares that important regarding upper GI scoping procedures.
|
NPO at midnight prior
Must have permit signed Remove dentures Gag reflex with be numbed Post-procedure, do not feed until gag reflex returns Must have someone to take them home |
|
|
Name the top 3 areas of concern regarding nursing interventions & mouth disorders/infection.
|
Airway management
Cough enhancement Aspiration precautions |
|
|
Herpes simplex sores are caused by a...
|
Virus
|
|
|
Candida infections are also called
|
Oral thrush
|
|
|
Candida infections are caused by a ...
|
fungus
|
|
|
Vincent's stomatitis is also called...
|
Acute necrotizing stomatitis
"trench mouth" |
|
|
Name at least 5 signs and symptoms of "trench mouth"/Vincent's stomatitis
|
Erythema
ulcerations necrosis of the gingival margins Spontaneous bleeding Severe pain foul breath thick secretions Malaise Anorexia Enlarged cervical lymph nodes |
|
|
Name some of the risks associated with fractured jaw?
|
Limited nutrition
Risk for aspiration |
|
|
Descibe leukoplakia
|
Leukoplakia is a sore in the mouth that may be pre-cancerous. It may be yellow, white or gray and can occur anywhere in the mouth. The most common site is the buccal mucosa.
|
|
|
Describe erythroplakia
|
Erythroplakia is a sore in the mouth that is often pre-cancerous. It is red, smooth, and asymptomatic.
|
|
|
What is the most common site for basal cell mouth cancer?
|
lips
|
|
|
Describe basal cell oral cancer.
|
Basal cell oral cancer usually starts as a scab that develops into an ulcer with a pearly border
|
|
|
What is the most common site for squamous cell mouth cancer?
|
Lips
Side of tongue Mouth floor |
|
|
Name some signs and symptoms of oral cancer useful for diagnosis.
|
Early on- few to no symptoms; hard painless ulcer that doesn't heal in 2-3 weeks
Later on- tenderness, difficulty chewing, swallowing, speaking, blood tinged sputum |
|
|
Name the 2 biggest areas of concern for a patient with oral cancer post-op. Include nursing interventions.
|
Airway
May need suction, monitor resp. Communication May need pen & paper, activity cards |
|
|
List at least 5 post-op cares for a patient who has undergone radical neck dissection.
|
High-fowlers position
Vitals Lung sounds Encourage cough & deep breathe PRN suction Oxygen, humidity Monitor wound output (should be less than 150-300/hr) Keep suction away from graft Monitor graft Communicate- may be impaired by trach |
|
|
What is achalasia?
|
A disorder characterized by the feeling that something is stuck in the throat
|
|
|
What causes achalasia?
|
The lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax
|
|
|
How is achalasia diagnosed?
|
Barium enema
Esophageal manometry (pressure catheter) |
|
|
What diet is recommended for a patient with achalasia?
|
Small frequent meals
Semi-soft foods Avoid spicy, hot, and iced foods Avoid alcohol |
|
|
How is achalasia treated?
|
Medications- anticholinergics, calcium channel blockers
Surgery- dilation of LES |
|
|
What are some contributing factors to GERD?
|
Hiatal hernia
Delayed gastric emptying Incompetent LES Insufficient esophageal clearance |
|
|
What are some signs and symptoms of GERD?
|
Retrosternal heartburn
Dysphagia Belching Regurgitation |
|
|
Name 2-3 complications of GERD
|
Aspiration
Erosive esophagitis Esophageal stricture Barrett's esophagus (precursor to cancer) Adenocarcinoma of esophagus |
|
|
What monitoring should be done for a patient with Barett's esophagus?
|
Endoscopy every 6-12 months
|
|
|
What medications are used to treat GERD?
|
Proton pump inhibitors
H2 blockers Antacids |
