Nursing 2Nd Semester: Peds Exam 2: Gi

Front 1

What are some risk factors for cleft lip or palate?

Back 1

Family hx
Mom who took anticonvulsants or steroids during pregnancy
Maternal infection (rubella) in pregnancy

Front 2

True or False: Cleft lip or palate can be unilateral or bilateral and the diagnosis is based on the appearance at birth.

Back 2

True

Front 3

Babies with cleft lip/ palate may have problems with f_____ and complications such as more ____ infections and _____ issues.

Back 3

feeding (vomitting, milk comes out nose, tire easily- use a lot of energy to eat)
ear
speech

Front 4

A team approach is taken in managing a child with cleft lip or palate, which includes surgeons, nurses, geneticists, psychologists, ENTs, and orthodontists. Around Age 2, they see a _____ _______ to help with learning to pronounce words correctly. What does the orthodontist and psychologist help with?

Back 4

Speech Therapist
May see an orthodontist to make an appliance to help baby eat, plugs the hole in roof of mouth.
Psychologist helps with reinforcing healthy personality, self esteem. (nurses job too)

Front 5

The 1st intervention for a baby with cleft lip or palate is to modify _____ techniques by using unique ______ and _____.

Back 5

feeding
nipples
feeders

Front 6

________ is plastic surgery of the cleft lip. The child may need cosmetic modification at age 4-5.

Back 6

chelioplasty

Front 7

True or False: Cleft palate repair can be done between 6-24 months. It is recommended to repair by 1 year of age.

Back 7

true

Front 8

It is very important for child with repair of cleft lip or palate not to rub the incision area, may need _____ to keep from rubbing.

Back 8

restraints (splints)

Front 9

Nursing implications for the postop baby after repair of cleft lip or palate needs lots of reinforcement of post-op appearance. Teach about the use and purpose of splints. Can the baby can breastfeed? What are some things the child needs to avoid after surgery?

Back 9

Yes, baby can breastfeed.
No straws or pacifiers for 7-10 days postop.

Front 10

True or False: Post op care for a baby who has had surgery on a cleft lip or palate includes analgesics, sedatives, and antibiotic ointment.

Back 10

True

Front 11

Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are both failures of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage to the stomach. What are the clinical manifestations?

Back 11

Coughing, choking, cyanosis,
Salivation (excessive, difficulty with secretions)
Apnea
Vomiting
Abdominal distention
Respiratory distress
(CCC + SAVAR)

Front 12

Diagnosis for esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula is suspected if there is a history of maternal _______ and if baby is unable to pass NG tube ___ cm beyond gum line.

Back 12

polyhydramnios
10

Front 13

Dx of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula

Back 13

abdominal x-ray
bronchoscopy
endoscopy

Front 14

A baby with esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula needs close monitoring for distress, such as a______. HOB should be ______. Aspirate the NG TUB every __ to ___ minutes. Child should be ____ before surgery and should have an IV. After surgical repair, needs a ___ tube for feedings and family needs teaching.

Back 14

A baby with esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula needs close monitoring for distress, such as ASPIRATION. HOB should be ELEVATED. Aspirate the NG TUB every 5 to 10 minutes. Child should be NPO before surgery is indicated and should have an IV. After surgical repair, needs a Gastrostomy (G) tube for feedings and family needs teaching.

Front 15

Post Op for child with surgery for esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula needs frequent assessments, check on G tube, oral feedings are slow/fast, pain meds and possible __________, strict I & O. Can a pacifier be used?

Back 15

Post Op for child with surgery for esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula needs frequent assessments, check on G tube, oral feedings are slow/fast, pain meds and possible antibiotics, strict I & O. A pacifier can be used.

Front 16

Post Op for child with surgery for esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula needs to be monitored for what 3 problems? What systems are you looking at in your focused assessment?

Back 16

atelectasis, pneumonia, GT site infection

GI & respiratory

Front 17

An upper gastrointestinal hernia is a protrusion of a portion of an organ or organs. It can be ______ in which it becomes trapped and cannot be reduced easily, or _______ in which there is decreased blood supply and lots of pain.

Back 17

incarcerated

strangulated

Front 18

ture or false: Remember to read about upper gastrointestinal hernias on our own...

Back 18

true :(

Front 19

A _____ hernia is where a portion of the stomach protrudes throught the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. The symptoms are similar to a child with ____ and include vomiting, coughing, and short periods of apnea. Does it heal on its own?

Back 19

hiatal

reflux

Need surgical repair

Front 20

A congenital diaphragmatic hernia is where there is an ______ of the diaphragm through which _____ contents enter the ____.

Back 20

opening
abdominal
chest

Front 21

A congenital diaphragmatic hernia is fatal 80% of the time. If it is small or diagnosed early, surgery can be done in utero or immediately after birth. How many lungs will the child end up with?

Back 21

Just one.

Front 22

True or False: lungs develop faster than intestines in utero.

Back 22

false, intestines develop faster.

Front 23

READ ABOUT imperforate anus, gastroschisis, omphalocele, umbilical hernia, there will definitely be a ....

Back 23

question on the test.

Front 24

______ is when the intestines are on the outside of the body.

Back 24

gastroschisis

Front 25

Tx for gastroschisis includes expanders in abdomen, _____ to keep moist, wrap in ____and a little is put back in at a time, sometimes a small amount of bowel is ___. There may be a temporary ______.

Back 25

saline
plastic
cut
colostomy

Front 26

True or False: In omphalocele, abdominal viscera herniates into base of umbilicus (everything is outside). The prognosis is poor.

Back 26

true

Front 27

Every culture has its own idea of how to fix an _____ hernia.

Back 27

umbilical

Front 28

_____ is the regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus

Back 28

GER- gastroesophageal reflux

Front 29

GER is linked with _______ impairment and an immature ______ esophageal _______. Medications often prescribed include _____ and _____.

Back 29

neurologic
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

caffeine and theophylline

Front 30

What are the 3 types of GER? Explain each type.

Back 30

Physiologic-
occasional emesis, rarely occurs with sleep
Functional- painless, frequent emesis. usually asymptomatic by 18 months
Pathologic- aspiration PNA,
apnea, coughing, choking, frequent emesis, failure to thrive

Front 31

Clinical manifestations of GER

(way too many... theres' 13)

Back 31

vomitting/ spitting up
weight loss
gagging
choking
apnea
aspiration
hematemesis (blood emesis)
melena (black/tarry stools)
anemia
heartburn
aspiration PNA
esophagitis
irritability

Front 32

Children at risk for GER

Back 32

preterm infants
esophageal atresia
tracheoesophageal fistula
scoliosis
cystic fibrosis
asthma
neurological impairment

(PET SCAN)

Front 33

Diagnostic Tests for GER include a ______ esophagram, esophaeal ______, and a 24 hour intraesophageal ___ monitoring. However, it's usually diagnosed based on _____.

Back 33

barium
manometry
pH
symptoms

Front 34

Therapeutic management for infants with GER include burping with every _____ of feeding, thicken feedings with 1 TBSP of ___ _____ per __ oz of formula, don't over____, and do small, frequent feedings. Baby should be upright for ___ minutes after feedings, raise HOB ___ degrees, and infants with severe GER need continuous/intermittent NG feedings especially if they have failure to ____.

Back 34

Therapeutic management for infants with GER include burping with every ounce of feeding, thicken feedings with 1 TBSP of rice cereal per 2 oz of formula, don't overfeed and do small, frequent feedings. Baby should be upright for 30 minutes after feedings, raise HOB 30 degrees, and infants with severe GER need continuous NG feedings especially if they have failure to thrive.

Front 35

A child or adult with FER should avoid foods that can cause reflux such as... (4) Avoid eating ___ hours before bedtime, weight reduction is important if child is _____ and they should avoid second-hand _____. Raise HOB __ inches.

Back 35

A child or adult with FER should avoid foods that can cause reflux such as chocolate, caffeine, fatty foods, spicy foods. Avoid eating 2 hours before bedtime, weight reduction is important if child is overweight, and they should avoid second-hand smoke. Raise HOB 6 inches.

Front 36

Medications for GERD include ____ for symptomatic relief. Climetidine (Tagemet) can be used to decrease ____ _____. Sucralfate is a mucosal _______. Omeprazole (Prilosec) can suppress gastric acid ______. Metoclopramide (Reglan) can _______ gastric emptying.

Back 36

Medications for GERD include antacids for symptomatic relief. Climetidine (Tagemet) can be used to decrease acid secretion. Sucralfate is a mucosal protectant. Omeprazole (Prilosec) can suppress gastric acid secretion. Metoclopramide (Reglan) can accelerate gastric emptying.

Front 37

Page 13

Back 37

constipation and encopresis

Front 38

Infrequent passage of firm or hard stools or small hard masses is known as ________.

Back 38

constipation

Front 39

Constipation is also defined as more than ___ days without a stool or _____ in expulsion of stools. Sometimes there are stools streaked with _____ or ______ discomfort. Headache, nausea, and ______ may also occur with constipation.

Back 39

3
difficulty
blood
abdominal
vomitng

Front 40

True or False: Constipation in children may occur during potty training when the child realizes he has control over his or her bowels.

Back 40

True

Front 41

What is the name of the term for fecal incontinence? Is it voluntary or involuntary? When and why does it occur? This child may have soiled clothing and a ____ odor.

Back 41

Encopresis
Involuntary and repeated
Child is usually over 4 years old and is constipated, a small amount of stool leaks out and you will see a tiny bit of stool in their underwear. It's caused by recurrent fecal impaction and enlarged rectum. (Some of it has to get out eventually)
Child may have a fecal odor.

Front 42

Constipation is caused by changes in _____ or _____, lack of _______, and if the child is experiencing s____ at school or at home. It can also be caused by other substances such as excess Vitamin ___, ____ supplements, exposure to _____, and medications that have a drying effect such as ____, ____, and ____.

Back 42

Constipation is caused by changes in diet or routine, lack of exercise, and stress. It can also be caused by other substances such as excess Vitamin D, iron supplements, exposure to lead, and medications that have a drying effect such as opiods, antihistamines, and diuretics.

Front 43

Therapeutic management for constipation includes what 3 things for disimpaction? To prevent constipation, it can be helpful to use ______ oil with juice, l______, make ______ changes, and get plenty of ____.

Back 43

mineral
lactulose
dietary
exercise

Front 44

True or False: Stool softeners and laxatives both cause dependence.

Back 44

False, laxatives are habit forming, cause dependence. Stool softeners do not.

Front 45

In helping children change their retention habit (constipation), use positive reinforcement such as a behavior chart with rewards, avoid negative feedback, and have the child sit on the commode for ___ to ____ minutes approximately ____ to ____ minutes after meals.

Back 45

5-10
20-30

Front 46

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is described as increased/decreased intestinal motility with s_____ and p_____.

Back 46

increased
spasm, pain

Front 47

True or False: The cause of IBS is unknown, but stress and emotional factors seem to play a role.

Back 47

true

Front 48

Manifestations of IBS include abdominal pain related/unrelated to meals or activity. There are alternating episodes of _______ and _______. In diagnosing IBS it may be helpful to rule out Ulcerative Colitis and Crohns.

Back 48

unrelated
diarrhea, constipation

Front 49

There is no definitve treatment for IBS. It is usually ____ -limiting and intermittent. To decrease symptoms, try to include a healthy well balanced ____ and exercise.

Back 49

self
diet

(Yeah but I thought it's unrelated to diet and activity... maybe poor diet and inactivity would just make it worse.)

Front 50

A peptic ulcer is ______ related to _____ exposure of mucosal lining related to ____, H. _____, and medications like _____ and _____.

Back 50

A peptic ulcer is erosion related to acid exposure of mucosal lining related to stress, H. Pylori, and medications like aspirin, NSAIDs.

Front 51

What are the 2 types of peptic ulcers?

Back 51

gastric (stomach)
duodenal (duodenum or pylorus)

Front 52

Manifestations of peptic ulcers include poor ____, vomiting (including ______), _____ spells after eating, tarry stools- _______ (blood in stool), pain, and waking up at night crying in pain

Back 52

Manifestations of peptic ulcers include poor eating, vomiting (including hematemesis)crying spells after eating, tarry stools- melena (blood in stool), pain, and waking up at night crying in pain.

Front 53

What are some medications used in treating peptic ulcers?

Back 53

antacids after meals, H2 receptor antagonists (anti-secretion agents) and one of the following: Cemetidine (Tagamet), Rantidine (Zantac, or Famotidine (Pepcid). If the peptic ulcer is caused by H. Pylori, the medications include Bismuth (Pepto-Bismol), Tetracycline and 1 other antibiotic (usually amoxicillin), and Omeprazole (Prilosec). Give all 4 of these medications.

Front 54

How long is the treatment for H. Pylori?

Back 54

2-4 weeks

Front 55

There is no evidence that foods directly cause ulcers, however they can irritate them. What are some foods or drinks to avoid?

Back 55

colas, chocolate, tea

Front 56

True or False: never give aspirin with a bacterial infection

Back 56

False. Never give aspirin with a viral infection (can cause Reye’s syndrome).

Front 57

Nursing considerations for peptic ulcers include teaching about dietary changes which are the same as with ____, avoiding chocolate, fatty foods, and spicy foods. Give appropriate medications and assess for complications such as a GI _____.

Back 57

GERD, bleed

Front 58

Infectious Gastroenteritis is caused by ingestion of _________ water or food, and is also spread _____ to ______.

Back 58

contaminated, person to person

Front 59

What are the most common GI pathogens?

Back 59

giardia & rotavirus

Front 60

Manifestations of Infectious Gastroenteritis include what 3?

Back 60

diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

Front 61

_______ is contracted when water is contaminated by feces of infected animals or humans. A person can get it when they’re camping and drink the water from a stream or river. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bloating, gas, fatigue, and weight loss.

Back 61

giardia

Front 62

True or False: Giardia symptoms appear 7-10 days after encountering the organism. Infected people with Giardia can pass it around for months.

Back 62

True

Front 63

Therapeutic management for infectious gastroenteritis includes replacing ______, correcting ______ disturbances, and if giardia, give ________

Back 63

fluids, electrolyte, antibiotics.

Front 64

To prevent dehydration when a patient has infectious gastroenteritis, what do we suggest ( in regards to each episode of diarrhea)?

Back 64

drink a glass of water with each episode of diarrhea

Front 65

The pathophysiology of appendicitis is _______leads to ischemia, causing______ of the epithelial lining, _______ invasion, then necrosis, perforation or ______ with _____ or ______ contamination of peritoneal cavity, causing _______, possible small bowel _______, electrolyte _______ and sh____.

Back 65

The pathophysiology of appendicitis is obstruction leads to ischemia, causing ulceration of the epithelial lining, bacterial invasion, then necrosis, perforation or rupture with fecal or bacterial contamination of peritoneal cavity, causing peritonitis, possible small bowel obstruction, electrolyte imbalance and shock.

Front 66

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis include _______ pain radiating to _____, pain with ______, positive ______ test, anorexia and ______ , and possibly an elevated ____ count.

Back 66

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis include periumbilical pain radiating to RLQ, pain with movement positive McBurney test, anorexia and vomiting , and possibly an elevated WBC count.

Front 67

True or False: Diagnostic tests for appendicitis include CBC, X-ray, and a CT scan.

Back 67

False. Diagnostic tests for appendicitis include CBC, Ultrasound, and CT scan.

Front 68

Therapeutic Management for appendicitis includes an appendectomy which is abbreviated: _____, ______ and _______ replacement as needed, and if the appendix is ruptured, we do IV ______, an ___ tube, and open the wound with _____.

Back 68

Therapeutic Management for appendicitis includes an appendectomy which is abbreviated: appy, and fluid and electrolyte replacement as needed, and if the appendix is ruptured, we do IV antibiotics, an BG tube, and open the wound with penrose.

Front 69

Hypertropic Pyloric Stenosis is an ________ of pyloric sphincter by hypertrophy of circular muscle of pylorus.

Back 69

obstruction

Front 70

Manifestations of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis include colicky ______ pain, abdominal ________, possible ____ shaped mass to the _____ of the umbilicus, a feeling of _____, and weight ____. There will be visible ______. There is definitely ______ vomiting, and there is often constipation, d______, and possibly shock, ____, and RDS.

Back 70

Manifestations of pyloric stenosis include colicky abdominal pain, abdominal distention, possible olive shaped mass to the right of the umbilicus, a feeling of hunger, and weight loss. There will be visible peristalsis. There is definitely projectile vomiting, and there is often constipation, dehydration, and possibly shock, sepsis, and RDS.

Front 71

What are the 3 main manifestations of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Back 71

Possible olive shaped mass to the right of umbilicus, projectile vomiting, and visible peristalsis.

Front 72

A diagnostic evaluation for pyloric stenosis includes an ultrasound, the ____ GI series. Lab values will reflect metabolic/respiratory acidosis/alkalosis due to an elevated ___ and _____. There will be high/low Na, K, an Cl.

Back 72

upper, metabolic alkalosis, elevated pH and bicarb, low Na, K, Cl

Front 73

The therapeutic management for pyloric stenosis includes one of two surgeries, what are they?

Back 73

pylorotomy or pyloromyotomy

Front 74

Preoperatively and postoperatively (pyloric stenosis surgery) the HOB is ________.

Back 74

elevated

Front 75

Postop after surgery for pyloric stenosis, feedings include ____ and ___ strength formula, advance to regular formula or ____ milk.

Back 75

Pedialyte, ½ , breast milk

Front 76

Intussusception is invagination of a section of the intestine into the proximal/distal bowel that causes bowel _____. It is also described as a _______ing of the _____ bowel or portion of intestine into another portion, usually the _______ valve.

Back 76

distal, obstruction, telescoping, small, ileocecal

Front 77

Signs and symptoms of intussuception include currant ____ stool, increased/decreased ability to pass stool which causes ______ and _____ with the stool. There is also ______ pain and the patient feels ______.

Back 77

jelly, decreased, mucous & blood, abdominal pain, lethargic.

Front 78

The diagnosis of intussuception is often based on ________ and also may include a ______ enema and an ____ to check for free air.

Back 78

symptoms, barium, x-ray

Front 79

Sometimes the weight of the barium used in diagnosing intussuception can cause the bowel to ____

Back 79

unfold

Front 80

Therapeutic management includes attempts to reduce with either barium or air enema. If unsuccessful, abdominal ______ or _______ can be done.

Back 80

surgery, laparoscopy

Front 81

If distention is present preoperatively (for surgery for intussuception) a __ ____ may be placed to decompress.

Back 81

NG tube

Front 82

Post-op for surgery for intussuception includes ____ status, ___ tube, an IV, and ____ medication.

Back 82

NPO, NG, pain

Front 83

A _______ is a twisting of the bowel which causes bowel obstruction.

Back 83

volvulus.

Front 84

A volvulus is caused by a defect in ____ development

Back 84

fetal

Front 85

How is a volvulus treated?

Back 85

surgically

Front 86

Nursing care for a volvulus is similar to that of _______

Back 86

intussusceptions.

Front 87

True or False: symptoms are always present at birth

Back 87

False. They may not show up until the kid is older depending on how bad it is.

Front 88

_______ ______ is a congenital aganglionic megacolon in which there are increased/decreased ganglion cells to the __ tract, usually the ___ and part of the small/large intestine. It may not be diagnosed until late infancy or childhood.

Back 88

Hirschprung Disease, decreased, GI, rectum large

Front 89

Symptoms of Hirschprung Disease are ___ related.

Back 89

age

Front 90

In a newborn with Hirschprung Disease, symptoms include failure to pass ______, _____ing up, abdominal ______, and reluctance to ingest _____.

Back 90

meconium, spitting up, distention, fluids

Front 91

In an infant with Hirschprung Disease, symptoms include ___, c_________, abdominal ________, d_______ and v_______

Back 91

FTT, constipation, abdominal distention, diarrhea, vomiting

Front 92

In a child with Hirschprung Disease, there will be c________, abdominal distention with _____ peristalsis. What will the stool look like?

Back 92

constipation, visible peristalsis, Stool will be pelletlike or ribbon-like and very foul smelling.

Front 93

Diagnostic tests for Hirschprung Disease include a ______ enea, a _____ exam and biopsy ( to check if there are nerves), and an ________ manometry.

Back 93

barium, rectal, anorectal.

Front 94

The purpose of medical management in preparation for surgery is to stabilize the bowels. The patient is ____ status, enemas are done until _____, the patient is on ___ and ____ IV.

Back 94

NPO, clear, TPN, antibiotics.

Front 95

Surgery for Hirschprung Disease is usually 2 or 3 stages and may include a temporary ______. The surgery is a “permanent ____ ___ “ procedure and the child must weigh at least ____ lbs at time of surgery. Later the temporary _______ is closed.

Back 95

colostomy, “permanent pull through,” 20, colostomy

Front 96

Preop care for a patient having surgery for Hirschprung Disease includes stabilization, teaching, IV antibiotics, colonic ______s with antibiotics, an ___ tube, and a measurement of the ______ ______ (to assess for bleeding after surgery), also it is important to watch for signs of infection such as _______.

Back 96

irrigations, NG tube, abdominal girth, enterocolitis.

Front 97

Postop care for a patient having surgery for Hirschprung Disease includes _____ care, teaching, NPO until ____ _____ are present, NG tube to decrease _______, and discharge instructions for care. It’s important to tell patients to turn, cough, and deep breathe as well as perform ROM exercises.

Back 97

stoma, bowel sounds, distention.

Front 98

Place baby on the ______ side if he or she has pyloric stenosis

Back 98

right

Front 99

Lactose intolerance is the inability to tolerate lactose (the sugar found in dairy products) and may cause water to be drawn in, leading to ______.

Back 99

diarrhea

Front 100

Manifestations of lactose intolerance include_______ pain and cramping, excessive ______, and _____.

Back 100

abdominal, flatus, diarrhea.

Front 101

True or False: Symptoms of lactose intolerance are usually present at birth.

Back 101

False. Usually not seen until after age 3 when lactase activity begins to decrease.

Front 102

Therapeutic Management for lactose intolerance include a lactose free diet and lactase preparations such as _______.

Back 102

Lactaid.

Front 103

True or False: Lactose intolerance tends to run in families.

Back 103

True

Front 104

Celiac disease involves an inability to fully digest the _____ part of wheat, barley, rye, and oats.

Back 104

protein

Front 105

True or False: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease and has varying degrees from mild to severe.

Back 105

True

Front 106

In celiac disease, the intestinal ____ become inflamed; everything they eat just goes right through them.

Back 106

villi

Front 107

The first symptoms of celiac disease include failure to _____ and _____. Other symptoms include s________ (oily, fatty stool), behavioral changes such as being f______, and a GI problem ______.

Back 107

thrive, diarrhea
streatorrhea
fretful
vomiting

Front 108

Diagnosis of celiac disease is usually based on _____ or based on blood tests such as ____ and ____, which detect damage to intestines. These levels are elevated in almost 100% of cases. A biopsy of the jejunum can also be done which will show atrophic changes of the small intestine, but isn't done much anymore.

Back 108

symptoms
AGA & tTG

AGA (Anti-gliadin antibodies both IgA and IgG)
tTG (tissue transglutaminase)

Front 109

True or False: Management of celiac disease includes a diet free of wheat products. Corn and rice are ok.

Back 109

true

Front 110

People with celiac disease may be l_______ i______ until healing has occurred in the GI tract.

Back 110

lactose intolerant

Front 111

A person with celiac disease needs to strictly follow the prescribed diet This can help avoid _______, a serious disease that people with celiac are at risk for.

Back 111

lymphoma

Front 112

True or False: People with celiac disease have adequate nutrition and don't need supplements.

Back 112

False, vitamin supplements are important.

Front 113

Acute hepatitis is viral and can be caused by c________, E___-_____, and h_____ ______.

Back 113

cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, herpes simplex

Front 114

Type __ hepatitis is spread from oral and fecal contact. ____ ____ing is very important for prevention.

Back 114

A
hand washing

Front 115

Type ___ hepatitis is spread through the _____ and other ____ ____.

Back 115

B
blood
bodily fluids

Front 116

Type __ hepatitis is _____ related (p______). Usually this person already has hepatitis type ___. Symptoms include pain in the upper ___ quadrant of the abdomen, nausea & vomiting, anorexia, jaundice, fatigue, and itching. People at risk are those who share ______ and ____-___ workers.

Back 116

Type C hepatitis is transfusion related (parenteral). Usually this person already has hepatitis type B. Symptoms include pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, nausea & vomiting, anorexia, jaundice, fatigue, and itching.
People at risk are those who share needles and health-care workers.

Front 117

Hepatitis Type ____ is known as the "dangerous duo." It needs type ___ to replicate. People at risk include _______ and __ ___ users.

Back 117

Hepatitis Type D is known as the "dangerous duo." It needs type B to replicate. People at risk include hemophiliacs and IV drug users.

Front 118

Hepatitis __ is in contaminated water in underdeveloped countries. (It's non A/B)

Back 118

E

Front 119

Hepatitis ___ is bloodborn, and has a connection with tattoos, especially tattoo shops in foreign countries.

Back 119

G

Front 120

If you're going to get a type of hepatitis, get Hepatitis ___ because it's the mildest. You will feel like you have the flu for a few days and you can pass it around. You might not even turn yellow.

Back 120

A

Front 121

Diagnosis of different types of hepatitis include liver _____ and liver function tests such as ____ and _____. Also look for hepatitis a______ and a_____. A history & physical is done along with a liver ____.

Back 121

enzymes
AST & ALT
antibodies, antigens
biopsy

Front 122

Manifestations for hepatitis include what 3 phases? Describe each phase.

Back 122

Anicteric phase 5-7 days
nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, slight fever seems like the flu (all types have this phase)

Icteric Phase- 3-4 weeks
jaundice, darkening of urine, light colored stool, urticaria (skin rash), itching due to bilirubin (this phase is types BCDE)

Recovery Phase- 1-3 months

Front 123

Therapeutic management for hepatitis includes the activity restriction: b_____, anti____'s like ____/_______. _____ lotion, and _____ baths can help with symptoms.

Back 123

bedrest
antivirals
acyclovir/Zovirax
Calamine & Aveeno

Front 124

In teaching about hepatitis, there should be emphasis placed on _______.

Back 124

prevention

Front 125

Which types of hepatis have vaccines?

Back 125

A & B- vaccine series
C- None
D- protect from getting B
E- no vaccine, under animal trial