Lower Extremity Muscles

Front 1

Innervation and blood supply of Anterior Compartment of thigh

Back 1

-femoral nerve
-femoral artery

Front 2

Innervation/blood supply of Medial Compartment of thigh

Back 2

-obturator nerve
-obturator artery

Front 3

Tibialis Anterior

Back 3

innervated by deep peroneal nerve
O: lateral condyle and proximal tibia and interosseous membrane
I: cuneiform and adjacent 1st metatarsal.
blood - anterior tibial artery
ACTION - dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot

Front 4

Extensor Hallicis Longus

Back 4

innervated by deep peroneal nerve
O: mid-fibula and interosseous membrane
I: distal phalangeal base of the big toe
blood - anterior tibial artery
ACTION - extends big toe, dorsiflexes ankle

Front 5

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Back 5

innervated by deep peroneal nerve
O: lateral tibial condyle, proximal fibula, interosseous membrane
I: dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5
blood- anterior tibial artery
ACTION - extends toes, dorsiflexes ankle

Front 6

Peroneus Tertius

Back 6

innervated by deep peroneal nerve
O: distal fibula and interosseous membrane
I: base of 5th metatarsal
blood - anterior tibial artery
ACTION -everts foot, dorsiflexes ankle

Front 7

Lateral Crural Muscles

Back 7

Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis

Front 8

Peroneus Brevis

Back 8

Innervated by superficial peroneal nerve
O: distal fibula
I: lateral base of 5th metatarsal
blood - peroneal artery
ACTION -plantar flexes ankle, everts foot.

Front 9

Peroneus Longus

Back 9

Innervated by superficial peroneal nerve
O: head and proximal fibula
I: lateral aspects of 1st metatarsal and adjacent medial cuneiform
blood- peroneal artery
ACTION - plantar flexes ankle, everts foot.

Front 10

Crural Posterior Compartment

Back 10

tibial nerve
sural arteries
posterior tibial artery
popliteal artery

Front 11

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 11

Innervated by the tibial nerve
I: posterior tibia distal to the soleal line
ACTION - plantar flexes ankle and flexes digits 2-5 MP and IP
O: Plantar surfaces of the distal phalangeal bases
blood - posterior tibial artery

Front 12

Flexor Hallicis Longus

Back 12

Innervated by the tibial nerve
O: distal posterior fibular surface and interosseous membrane
I: plantar aspect of distal phalangeal base of the big toe
blood- posterior tibial artery

Front 13

Gastrocnemius

Back 13

Innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2)
O: lateral and medial posterior aspects of femur condyles.
I: calcaneal tuberosity
blood - sural artery
ACTION - flexes leg and plantar flexes ankle

Front 14

Plantaris

Back 14

Innervated by the tibial nerve
O: lateral supracondylar line
I: calcaneal tuberosity
blood - sural artery
ACTION - flexes leg, plantar flexes ankle

Front 15

Popliteus

Back 15

Innervated by the tibial nerve
O: lateral femoral condyle
I: soleal line of tibia
blood - popliteal artery
ACTION - unlocks knee during initial flexion

Front 16

Soleus

Back 16

Innervated by tibial nerve (S1, S2)
O: posterior proximal fibula and tibial soleal line
I: calcaneal tuberosity
blood - sural arteries
ACTION- plantar flexes the ankle (DOES NOT CROSS KNEE JOINT)

Front 17

Tibialis Posterior

Back 17

Innervated by tibal nerve
O: interosseuos membrane, lateral tibia and medial fibula
I: medial tarsals and metatarsal
blood - posterior tibial artery

Front 18

Biceps Femoris

Back 18

long head innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve, short head by peroneal division.
O: long head - ischial tuberosity, short head -distal posterior/lateral femur
I: fibular head
blood - inferior gluteal artery, popliteal, perforating arteries.

Front 19

Semimembranosus

Back 19

innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve
O:ischial tuberosity
I: posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle
blood - profunda femoris, perforating branches of femoral a

Front 20

Semitendinosus

Back 20

innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve
O: ischial tuberosity
I: proximal medial tibia
blood - inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries
ACTION - flexes leg, extends thigh

Front 21

Adductor Brevis

Back 21

Innervated by obturator nerve
O:inferior pubic ramus
I: proximal posterior femur
Blood - obturator artery
ACTION - Adducts thigh.

Front 22

Adductor Longus

Back 22

Innervated by obturator nerve
O: pubic crest
I: midshaft of posterior femur
blood - obturator artery
ACTION - adducts and flexes thigh.

Front 23

Adductor Magnus

Back 23

Innervated by obturator nerve (adductor part), tibial division of sciatic nerve (hamstring part)
O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior femur (adductor part) and adductor tubercle (hamstring part).
blood - obturatory artery
ACTION - adducts thigh (adductor part), extends thigh (hamstring part)

Front 24

Gracilis

Back 24

Innervated by obturator nerve
O: inferior pubic ramus
I: proximal medial tibia
blood - Medial Circumflex Femoral artery
ACTION- adducts thigh, medially rotates and flexes leg.

Front 25

Obturator externus

Back 25

Innervated by obturator nerve
O: external aspect of rim of obturator foramen
I: trochanteric fossa
blood - obturator artery
ACTION - laterally rotates thigh

Front 26

Gemellus Inferior

Back 26

innervated by the nerve to the quadratis femoris.
O: ischial tuberosity
I:obturator internus tendon
blood- inferior gluteal artery
ACTION - Laterally rotates thigh

Front 27

Gemellus superior

Back 27

innervated by the nerve to obturator internus
O: ischial spine
I: obturator internus tendon
blood- inferior gluteal artery
ACTION - laterally rotates thigh

Front 28

Gluteus Maximus

Back 28

innverated by inferior gluteal nerve
O: aponeurosis of the erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and posterior gluteal line on the inominate
I: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
blood - superior and inferior gluteal arteries
ACTION -extends and laterally rotates thigh, and tenses fascia lata

Front 29

Pectineus

Back 29

Innervated by femoral nerve and (sometimes) obturator nerve branches.
O: pubic ramus
I: proximal posterior femoral shaft
blood - obturator artery
ACTION- adducts and flexes thigh.

Front 30

Gluteus Medius

Back 30

innervated by superior gluteal nerve.
O: external iliac surface
I: lateral aspect of greater trochanter
blood - superior gluteal artery
ACTION - abducts and medially rotates thigh, keeps pelvis level when opposite foot is off ground.

Front 31

Gluteus Minimus

Back 31

Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
O:external surface of iliac surface
I: anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter.
blood - superior gluteal artery
ACTION - abducts and medially rotates thigh. keeps pelvis level when other leg is lifted

Front 32

Obturator Internus

Back 32

innervated by the nerve to the obturator internus.
O: anterolateral wall of pelvis and obturator membrane
I: medial surface of greater trochanter
blood - superior gluteal artery
ACTION - laterally rotates thigh

Front 33

Piriformis

Back 33

Innervated by branches of the lumbrosachral plexus
O: anterolateral sachrum
I:upper border of greater trochanter
blood - superior gluteal artery and inferior gluteal artery
ACTION - abducts and laterally rotates thigh

Front 34

Quadratus Femoris

Back 34

Innervated by the the nerve to the quadratus femoris.
O: ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle of the femur
blood - inferior gluteal artery
ACTION - laterally rotates thigh

Front 35

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 35

Innervated by lateral plantar nerve
O: calcaneal tuberosity
I: lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit.
blood -lateral plantar artery

Front 36

Abductor hallucis

Back 36

innervated by the medial plantar nerve.
O: from medial calcaneal tuberosity
I: medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe
blood - medial plantar artery?

Front 37

ADDuctor Hallucis

Back 37

Innervated by lateral plantar nerve.
O: 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head) and distal ends of 3-5 metatarsal (transverse head)
I: lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe
blood - lateral plantar artery

Front 38

Extensor digitorum brevis

Back 38

innervated by deep peroneal nerve
O: anterolateral calcaneous
I: lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus (2-4)
blood - dorsalis pedis artery

Front 39

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Back 39

Innervated by deep peroneal nerve.
O: anterolateral calcaneus
I: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the big toe.
blood - dorsalis pedis artery

Front 40

Flexor Digitorum Accessorius

Back 40

Innervated by lateral plantar nerve
O: medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
I: long flexor tendons
blood - post. tibial artery?

Front 41

Flexor Digitorum brevis

Back 41

Innervated by medial plantar nerve
O: medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
I: sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5
blood - medial planter arteries

Front 42

Flexor Digiti minimi

Back 42

Innervated by lateral plantar nerve
O: 5th metatarsal base
I: proximal phalangeal base
blood - lateral plantar artery?

Front 43

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 43

Innervated by medial plantar nerve
O: cuboid and tendon of tibialis posterior
I: base of proximal phalanx of great toe
blood - dorsalis pedis artery?

Front 44

Interossei - dorsal

Back 44

Innervated by lateral plantar nerve
O: metatarsal shafts
I: proximal phalangeal bases and dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4.
blood - dorsalis pedis artery

Front 45

Interossei-plantar

Back 45

Innervated by lateral plantar nerve
O: plantar surface of shaft of metatarsals
I: dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5
blood - deep plantar artery?

Front 46

Lumbricals

Back 46

Innervated by 2 medial plantar nerve, 3-4 lateral plantar nerve
O: tendoms of flexor digitorum longus
I: medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5

Front 47

psoas

Back 47

Innervated by ventral rami L1-3
O: anterior lumbar transverse processes and discs
I: lesser trochanter of femur
ACTION-flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint.

Front 48

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 48

Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
O: superior anterior iliac spine and adjacent iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract (tibia)
blood - lateral circumflex artery and superior gluteal artery.
ACTION - abducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh, assists in maintaining extended leg

Front 49

Iliacus

Back 49

Innervated by femoral nerve and lumbar plexus branches.
O: iliac fossa, iliac crest and sacrum
I: lesser trochanter of femur
blood - medial femoral circumflex artery
ACTION - flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint.

Front 50

Qaudratis Femoris

Back 50

Innervated by nerve to quadratis femoris.
O: ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric fossa
blood - inferior gluteal artery
ACTION - laterally rotates thigh.

Front 51

Vastus Medialis

Back 51

Innervated by femoral nerve.
O: medial/posterior femur
I: medial border of patella
blood- femoral artery
ACTION - extends leg. (doesn't gross hip joint)

Front 52

Vastus Lateralis

Back 52

Innervated by femoral nerve.
O: lateral/posterior femus
I: lateral border of patella.
blood - femoral artery
ACTION - extends leg (does NOT cross hip joint)

Front 53

Vastus Intermedius

Back 53

Innervated by femoral nerve.
O: anterior aspect of prox 2/3rds of femur shaft.
I: base of patella
blood - femoral artery
ACTION - extends leg (does NOT cross hip joint)

Front 54

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back 54

Innervated by tibial nerve.
O: distal posterior fibula and interosseous membrane.
I: plantar aspect of distal phalangeal base of 1st toe.
blood - posterior tibial artery.

Front 55

Sartorius

Back 55

Innervated by femoral nerve
O: anterior superior illiac spine
I: Medial aspect of proximal tibia.
blood - femoral artery
ACTION - flexes thigh and leg, laterally rotates thigh, abducts thigh

Front 56

Rectus Femoris

Back 56

Innervated by femoral nerve
O: anterior inferior iliac spine and groove superior to acetabulum
I: base of patella
blood - femoral artery
ACTION - flexes thigh and extends leg

Front 57

Iliopsoas

Back 57

Innervated femoral nerve and lumbar plexus branches (iliacus) and ventral rami L1-3 (psoas)
O: lumbar transverse processes, vertebral bodies and discs (psoas), and iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter of femur
blood - medial femoral circumflex artery and iliolumbar artery.