Lower Anatomy Quiz 3

Front 1

The nerves of the lumbosacral plexus that supply the lower limb _________ the pelvic cavity.
The arteries that supply the lower limb _____________ the pelvic cavity.

Back 1

Pass through or arise within

Arise within

Front 2

the muscles of the pelvic region act upon the lower extremity are ________ and ____________

Back 2

hip joint
thigh flexors

Front 3

Origin of the iliacus muscle

Back 3

superior iliac fossa (superior 2/3 and the inner lip of the iliac crest)

Front 4

insertion of the Iliacus Muscle

Back 4

lesser trochanter of the femur

Front 5

The iliacus muscle travels _____ and passes _______ over the hip joint and through the muscular lacuna to its insertion

Back 5

inferiorly
anteriorly

Front 6

Action of the iliacus muscle

Back 6

flexes the thigh

Front 7

Innervation of the iliacus muscel

Back 7

femoral nerve from dorsal division of ventral rami L2 L3 L4

Front 8

Arterial supply of iliacus muscle

Back 8

muscular branches of common internal and external iliac arteries

Front 9

Origin of Psoas Major muscle

Back 9

vertebrae T12 - L5
(bodies, intervertebral discs, and transverse processes)

Front 10

Insertion of the Psoas major muscle

Back 10

lesser trochanter of the femur

Front 11

The psoas major muscle travels inferolaterally, joins the tendon of the ________ ands passes anterior to the hip joint and through the ________ to its insertion

Back 11

Iliacus muscle
Muscular lucuna

Front 12

The muscle that passes through the muscular lacuna

Back 12

Psoas major muscle

Front 13

The action of the Psoas major muscle

Back 13

flexes the thigh

Front 14

The innervation of the Psoas major muscle

Back 14

dorsal divisions of ventral rami L2, L3, L4 as branches exit the spinal canal

Front 15

Arterial supply to the psoas major muscle

Back 15

muscular branches of common internal and external iliac arteries

Front 16

_______ + ________ = iliopsoas muscle

Back 16

iliacus muscle
psoas major muscle

Front 17

the broad muscular sheet composed of three muscles that forms the muscular sling that supports the abdominopelvic viscera

Back 17

Levator Ani Muscle

Front 18

Three muscles that compose the levator ani muscle

Back 18

Pubococcygeus muscle
Iliococcygeus muscle
Ischiococcygeus muscle

Front 19

Origin of the Pubococcygeus muscle

Back 19

posterior aspect of the pubis body and the tendinous arch of the levator ani muscles (a specialized thickening of the obturator fascia)

Front 20

Insertion of the Pubococcygeus muscle

Back 20

anococcygeal raphe
or
anococcygeal ligament

Front 21

The most medial portion of the pubococcygeus muscle

Back 21

puborectalis muscle

Front 22

Origin of the Iliococcygeus muscle

Back 22

ischial spine and the tendinous arch of the obturator fascia

Front 23

insertion of the iliococcygeus muscle

Back 23

anococcygeal raphe
iliococcygeus muscles come together at the anococcygeal ligament

Front 24

origin of the Ischiococcygeus muscle

Back 24

ischial spine

Front 25

Insertion of the Ischiococcygeal muscle

Back 25

inferior end of the sacrum and coccyx

Front 26

Action of the levator ani muscle (pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, ischiococcygeus)

Back 26

raise the pelvic floor.
assist the abdominal muscle in compressing abdominal and pelvic contents.
important in forced expiration, coughing, vomiting, urination, and defication.

Front 27

innervation of the levator ani muscle (pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, ischiococcygeus)

Back 27

nerve to the levator ani (S4, S5)
and
inferior rectal nerve (branch of pudendal nerve)

Front 28

arterial supply of the levator ani muscle (pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, ischiococcygeus)

Back 28

inferior gluteal artery

Front 29

The different plexi of the lumbosacral plexus

Back 29

lumbar plexus
sacral plexus
coccygeal plexus

ALL ARE VENTRAL RAMI

Front 30

Components of lumbar plexus

Back 30

ventral rami of L1, L2, L3
with continuations from ventral rami of T12 and L4

Front 31

where the lumbar plexus can be found

Back 31

lies within the psoas major muscle just anterior to the transverse processes of the vertebral bodies

Front 32

A sensorimotor nerve thats is cutaneous supply for the lower limb only and is a branch of T12 that supplies the superior anterolateral aspect of the thigh

Back 32

subcostal nerve

Front 33

the nerve that is not usually considered part of the lumbar plexus

Back 33

subcostal nerve

Front 34

a sensorimotor nerve that has cutaneous supply only in the lower limb and is from the ventral division of L1 (T12) and supplies the posterolateral gluteal skin

Back 34

iliohypogastric nerve

Front 35

the components of the iliohypogastric nerve

Back 35

L1 (T12)

Front 36

Structure that pierces the psoas major muscle near the kidney and passes within the abdominal wall inferior to T1, to reach the posterolateral gluteal skin near the iliac crest posteriorly

Back 36

iliohypogastric nerve

Front 37

a sensorimotor nerve that is cutaneous supply to the lower limb that rises from the ventral division of L1 (T12) and supplies the skin of the superior medial thigh

Back 37

ilioinguinal nerve

Front 38

structure that follows the course anteriorly through the inguinal canal along with the inguinal ligament

Back 38

ilioinguinal nerve

Front 39

a sensorimotor nerve with cutaneous supple only in the lower limb that arises from the ventral division of L1, L2 and has two branches

Back 39

genitofemoral nerve

Front 40

the nerve that pierces the psoas major muscle and enters the thigh dorsal to the inguinal ligament, near its center

Back 40

genitofemoral nerve

Front 41

a branch of the genitofemoral nerve that passes medially along the inguinal ligament to supply part of the external genitalia

Back 41

genital branch

Front 42

branch of the genitofemoral nerve that passes deep to the inguinal ligament with the femoral artery through the vascular lacuna to supply the skin of the anterior superior thigh

Back 42

femoral branch

Front 43

the structure that can replace the intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve

Back 43

femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve L1, L2

Front 44

a sensory nerve that has cutaneous supply in lower limb only from the dorsal divisions of L2, L3 and supplies the anterolateral aspect of the thigh

Back 44

lateral femoral cutaneous Nerve

Front 45

structure that pierces the psoas major muscle laterally and courses along the iliac fossa anterior to the iliacus muscle to enter the thigh anterolaterally, near the attachment of the inguinal ligament on the anterior superior iliac spine

Back 45

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 46

branches of dorsal division L2, L3, L4 that usually pass directly into the psoas major muscle belly without uniting to supply motor innervation to the muscle

Back 46

nerve to Psoas major muscle

Front 47

what are the components of the nerve to the psoas major muscle

Back 47

dorsal division of L2, L3, L4

Front 48

Double True or False:
Branches of the Nerve to the Psoas Muscle do not exit the pelvis.
These nerves are branches of the of the femoral nerve.

Back 48

TRUE

FALSE
they are not branches of femoral nerve

Front 49

a small branch from the femoral nerve, dorsal division of L2, L3, L4 that pass directly to the iliacus muscle (without exiting the pelvis) to provide motor innervation

Back 49

Nerve to Iliacus Muscle

Front 50

A sensorimotor nerve from the dorsal divisions of L2, L3, L4 that passes inferiorly intermediate to the psoas major and iliacus muscles to enter the thigh by passing through the muscular lacuna deep to the inguinal ligament near its midpint

Back 50

Femoral nerve

Front 51

A structure that provides muscular branches to the thigh, articular branches to the hip and knee joints, and gives rise to three additional cutaneous branches

Back 51

Femoral nerve

Front 52

the three branches of the femoral nerve

Back 52

intermediate femoral cutaneous
medial femoral cutaneous
saphenous nerve

Front 53

a nerve with dorsal divisions L2, L3that supplies a long thin area of the anterior aspect of the thigh

Back 53

intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 54

a nerve with dorsal divisions L2, L3 that supplies a long thin area of the anterolateral aspect of the thigh

Back 54

Medial Femoral Cutaneous nerve

Front 55

A nerve with dorsal division L3, L4 that supplies the medial 1/2 of the leg

Back 55

saphenous nerve

Front 56

a sensorimotor nerve from ventrak divisions od L2, L3, L4 that pieces te psoas major muscle medially near the linea terminalis, passes anteroinferiorly into the lesser pelvis and passes through the obturator canal

Back 56

obturator nerve

Front 57

nerve that provides muscular branches to the thigh, articular branches to the hip and knee joints, and cutaneous branches to the small area of the medial aspect of the thigh

Back 57

obturator nerve

Front 58

a sensorimotor nerve from ventral divisions L3, L4 that runs parallel to obturator nerve and provides muscular supply to the pectineus muscle, articular branch to the hip joint, and joins the obturator nerve to give cutaneous supply to the thigh

Back 58

accessory obturator nerve

Front 59

nerve that is present in only 8% of population

Back 59

accessory obturator nerve

Front 60

nerve uniting (part of) L4, and (all of) L5 to come together and form large trunk which crosse sacroiliac joint anteriorly at the pelvic brim and joins the sacral plexus

Back 60

lumbosacral trunk

Front 61

formed by the ventral rami of L5, S1, S2, S3 with contributions from ventral rami L4, S4

Back 61

Sacral Plexus

Front 62

roughly triangular in shape and passes inferiorly toward the greater sciatic foramen

Back 62

Sacral Plexus

Front 63

a motor nerve that arises from the dorsal division of L4, L5, S1 and exits the pelvis vis the greater sciatic foramen and passes posterolaterally through the gluteal region to supply the gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia lata muscles

Back 63

superior gluteal nerve

Front 64

a motor nerve from the dorsal divisions L5, S1, S2 that exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and passes posterolaterally through the gluteal region to supply the gluteus maximus muscle

Back 64

inferior gluteal nerve

Front 65

a nerve from the dorsal division of S2 (S1) that passes directly into the piriformis muscle. It does not exit the pelvis before entering the muscle

Back 65

nerve to piriformis muscle

Front 66

a sensorimotor nerve from dorsal divisions L4, L5, S1, S2 and ventral divisions L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 that exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and usually continues as a single nerve to the lower thigh

Back 66

Sciatic nerve

Front 67

components of sciatic nerve

Back 67

Dorsal division L4, L5, S1, S2
Ventral division L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Front 68

a sensorimotor nerve form the dorsal divisions of L4, L5, S1, S2 and provides muscular innervation in the thigh and leg, articular innervation to the knee and proximal tibiofibular joints

Back 68

common fibular nerve
or
common peroneal nerve

Front 69

a sensorimotor nerve from the dorsal divisions of L4, L5, S1 that supplies part of the anterolateral aspect of the leg and ankle, and most of the dorsum of the foot

Back 69

superficial fibular nerve
or
superficial peroneal nerve

Front 70

a sensorimotor nerve from the dorsal divisions of L5, S1, S2 that supplies the first webspace and adjacent sides of first and second toe

Back 70

Deep fibular nerve
or
deep peroneal nerve

Front 71

a sensory nerve from dorsal divisions of L5, S1, S2 that supplies the proximal 2/3 of the lateral aspect of the leg

Back 71

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf

Front 72

a sensory nerve from the dorsal divisions of S1, S2 passes inferiorly and joins the sural nerve

Back 72

Sural communicating nerve

Front 73

a sensorimotor nerve from ventral divisions L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 that passes inferiorly through the leg posterior to the medial malleolus and divides into its terminal branches prior to entering the foot through the porta pedis

Back 73

Tibial nerve

Front 74

the lateral portion of the sciatic nerve

Back 74

common fibular nerve
or
common peroneal nerve

Front 75

medial portion of the sciatic nerve

Back 75

tibial nerve

Front 76

the branches of the tibial nerve

Back 76

sural nerve
medial calcaneal nerve
lateral calcaneal nerve

Front 77

a sensory nerve from the ventral divisions of S1, S2 that supply a small area of the posterior leg, posterolateral aspect of the ankle, the lateral aspect if the foot, and the lateral 1/2 of the fifth toe

Back 77

sural nerve

Front 78

a sensory nerve from dorsal and ventral divisions of S1, S2 and supplies the lateral 1/2 of the calcaneal region

Back 78

lateral calcaneal nerve

Front 79

what are the components of the lateral calcaneal nerve

Back 79

dorsal and ventral divisions of S1, S2
(because the sural communicating nerve joins the sural nerve)

Front 80

a sensory nerve from the dorsal divisions of S1, S2 (lie close to inferior gluteal nerve divisions) and ventral divisions of S2, S3 (lie close to the pudendal nerve divisions)

Back 80

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 81

nerve that exits the pelvis through the sciatic foramen with the sciatic nerve and passes distally to the knee, anterior to the deep fascia, to supply cutaneous innervation to the posterior aspects of the thigh and calf

Back 81

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 82

from the dorsal divisions of S1, S2 and ventral divisions S2, S3 and provide cutaneous supply to the inferior gluteal region

Back 82

inferior cluneal neves

Front 83

a sensory nerve from the dorsal divisions of S2, S3 and exits the pelvis by piercing the sacrotuberous ligament to supply cutaneous innervation to the small area of the inferior medial aspect of the buttock and medial gluteal fold

Back 83

perforating cutaneous nerve

Front 84

a sensorimotor nerve from dorsal divisions of S2, S3 that exists the pelvis via the inferomedial part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes posterior to the sacrospinous and re-enters the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen

Back 84

pudendal nerve

Front 85

supplies motor innervation to structures of the urogenital triangle and sensory innervation to the reproductive organs

Back 85

pudendal nerve

Front 86

a motor nerve from the ventral divisions of L5, S1, S2 that exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and re-enters the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen with the pudendal nerve

Back 86

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles

Front 87

supplies motor innervation to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles

Back 87

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles

Front 88

a sensorimotor nerve from the ventral divisions of L4, L5, S1 that exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and supplies motor innervation to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles, and articular innervation to the hip joint

Back 88

nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles

Front 89

parasympathetic fibers from S2, S3, S4 that supply the pelvic viscera (organ which cant be removed without resection - bladder, rectum, and internal reproductive organs)

Back 89

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Front 90

formed by the ventral rami of S4, S5, Co1 and provide muscular and cutaneous innervation

Back 90

coccygeal plexus

Front 91

nerves part of coccygeal plexus from S4 that supply motor innervation to levator ani, coccygeus, and external anal sphincter muscles

Back 91

sacral muscular branches

Front 92

nerves part of coccygeal plexus from all rami that supply sensory innervation to the skin over the coccyx and posterior to anus

Back 92

cutaneous branches

Front 93

level of bifurcation of the abdominal aorta into two common iliac arteries

Back 93

L4

Front 94

a small branch from the dorsal aortic surface just proximal to the bifurcation that pass to the rectum

Back 94

median sacral artery

Front 95

sends branches to psoas major and iliacus muscles and bifurcates into the internal and external iliac arteries at vertebral level L5

Back 95

common iliac artery

Front 96

larger branch of the common iliac artery that follows the psoas major muscle and enters the thigh deep to the midpoint if the inguinal ligament where it becomes the femoral artery in the thigh

Back 96

external iliac artery

Front 97

which structure becomes the femoral artery in the thigh

Back 97

external iliac artery

Front 98

the external artery becomes what structure in the thigh

Back 98

femoral artery

Front 99

structure that arises laterally just prior to the inguinal ligament and passes superolaterally along the deep side of the ligament to reach the anterior superior iliac spine

Back 99

deep circumflex artery

Front 100

structure that anastomoses with the iliolumbar and superior gluteal arteries (branches of internal iliac artery)

Back 100

deep circumflex artery

Front 101

arises anteriorly just prior to the inguinal ligament and medial to the deep circumflex iliac artery

Back 101

inferior epigastric artery

Front 102

passes superiorly along the abdominal wall and anastamoses with the superior epigastric artery

Back 102

inferior epigastric artery

Front 103

the anastamosis that provides collateral circulation between the subclavian artery and the external iliac artery

Back 103

inferior epigastric artery with the superior epigastric artery

Front 104

the medial and smaller branch of the common iliac artery that divides into anterior and posterior trunks at the greater sciatic foramen that supplies the psoas major and iliacus muscles

Back 104

internal iliac artery

Front 105

structure that passes toward the ischial spine and usually appears to be the direct continuation of the internal iliac artery

Back 105

anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery

Front 106

the most lateral branch of the anterior trunk that exits the pelvis via the obturator canal with the obturator nerve and may be a branch fro the internal iliac artery or sometimes (40%) a branch of the external iliac artery

Back 106

obturator artery

Front 107

the larger terminal branch of the obturator artery that supplies medial compartment thigh and obturator externus muscles

Back 107

anterior branch of obturator artery

Front 108

the terminal branch of the obturator artery that supplies medial compartment thigh muscles and posterior compartment thigh muscles proximally at the ischial tuberosity. provides branches to the hip joint

Back 108

posterior branch of obturator artery

Front 109

anastamoses with the anterior branch of obturator artery and the inferior gluteal artery

Back 109

posterior branch of obturator artery

Front 110

the terminal division of the anterior trunk that exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, usually intermediate to the ventral rami of S1, S2 or ventral rami of S2m S3

Back 110

inferior gluteal artery

Front 111

supplies the piriformis muscle, gluteal region muscles, and the sciatic nerve, and anastamoses near hip joint

Back 111

inferior gluteal artery

Front 112

anastamoses with the superior gluteal, obturator, internal pudendal, and medial femoral circumflex arteries

Back 112

inferior gluteal artery

Front 113

the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and supplies the sacral plexus. obturator internus muscle, piriformis muscle and external genitalia

Back 113

internal pudendal artery

Front 114

the umbilical artery, branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. includes: superior vesicle, inferior vesicle, middle rectal, uterine, and vaginal arteries that all supply the pelvic organs and structures

Back 114

pelvic branches of anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery

Front 115

arises anterior to the sacroiliac joint and passes superolaterally in the pelvis and anastamoses near iliac crest with the superior gluteal, the deep circumflex iliac and the lateral femoral circumflex arteries

Back 115

iliolumbar artery

Front 116

anastamoses with the superior gluteal, the deep circumflex iliac, and the lateral femoral circumflex arteries

Back 116

iliolumbar artery
(near the iliac crest)

Front 117

the largest branch from either trunk of the internal iliac artery that appears as the direct continuation of the posterior trunk and usually exits pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, intermediate to the lumbosacral trunk and S1 ventral ramus

Back 117

superior gluteal artery

Front 118

Small arteries have ________ vena comitantes
Large arteries have ________ vena comitantes

Back 118

paired
single

Front 119

structure that begins at the union of the common iliac veins at vertebral level L5 and usually travels superiorly at the right of abdominal aorta and spinal column

Back 119

inferior vena cava

Front 120

begins at the union of the internal and external iliac veins at the pelvic brim. The right is shorter and posterolateral to its artery, the left one is longer and posteromedial to its artery

Back 120

common iliac vein

Front 121

begins posterior to the inguinal ligament and lies medial to the artery distally and posterior to the artery proximally. vena comitantes of the deep circumflex iliac and inferior epigastric arteries enter near the origin (at the inguinal ligament level)

Back 121

external iliac vein

Front 122

begins at the superior margin of the greater sciatic foramen where the vena comitantes of the arteries of the anterior and posterior trunks unite and generally lies posteriorly to the artery

Back 122

internal iliac vein

Front 123

structure that lie along the external iliac veins that receive fluid from the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes, the iliac fossa, and the anterior part of the capsule of the hip joint

Back 123

external iliac lymph nodes

Front 124

structures that lie along the internal iliac veins and receive fluid from the pelvic viscera, the gluteal region and the posterior, medial, and lateral aspects of the hip joint

Back 124

internal iliac lymph nodes

Front 125

lie along common iliac veins and receive fluid from internal and external iliac lymph nodes

Back 125

common iliac lymph nodes

Front 126

large vessels formed by the joining of efferent vessels of the lumbar lymph nodes and receive fluid from the lumbar lymph nodes

Back 126

lumbar trunks

Front 127

a dilated area that lies anterior to the vertebral bodies of L1, L2 and receives fluid from the lumbar trunks and empties into the thoracic duct which returns the lymph fluid to the systemic circulation

Back 127

cisterna chyli

Front 128

large muscle of the buttock and primary extensor of the thigh covers the other six, fan-shaped muscles of this region

Back 128

gluteus maximus muscle

Front 129

origin of the gluteus maximus muscle

Back 129

external iliac ala posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior iliac crest, external surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx, and the sacrotuberous ligament (also gluteal fascia)

Front 130

insertion of gluteus maximus muscle

Back 130

gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the posterosuperior iliotibial tract - passes obliquely from superomedial to inferolateral

Front 131

action of gluteus maximus muscle

Back 131

extends and laterally rotates the thigh

Front 132

innervation of the gluteus maximus muscle

Back 132

inferior gluteal nerve,
dorsal divisions of ventral rami L5, S1, S2

Front 133

arterial supply to gluteus maximus muscle

Back 133

superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery

Front 134

the three bursae of the gluteus maximus muscle

Back 134

trochanteric bursa
ischial bursa
gluteofemoral bursa

Front 135

bursa located intermediate to the gluteus maximus muscle and the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

Back 135

trochanteric bursa

Front 136

inflammation of this bursa is called bursitis of the hip

Back 136

trochanteric bursa

Front 137

painful with extension or lateral rotation of thigh when inflamed

Back 137

trochanteric bursa

Front 138

bursa located intermediate to the gluteus maximus muscle and the ischial tuberosity

Back 138

ischial bursa

Front 139

inflammation of this bursa is associated with prolonged sitting in the tailor position (indian style) or from riding horses or bicycles

Back 139

ischial bursa

Front 140

inflammation of this bursa is called weavers bottom, sometimes called saddle sore

Back 140

ischial bursa

Front 141

located intermediate to the gluteus maximus muscle and the vastus lateralis muscle, just inferior to the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Back 141

gluteofemoral bursa

Front 142

intramuscular injections must avoid neurovascular structures in this region, especially the sciatic nerve. they are given in this area

Back 142

superolateral quadrant
or
upper outer quadrant

Front 143

muscle located deep to the gluteus maximus muscle and extends superior to the proximal edge of the gluteus maximus muscle near the center of gluteus maximus muscle

Back 143

gluteus medius muscle

Front 144

the primary abductor of the thigh

Back 144

gluteus medius muscle

Front 145

origin of the gluteus medius muscle

Back 145

external iliac ala intermediate to the anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Front 146

insertion of the gluteus medius muscle

Back 146

lateral aspect of the greater trochanter (then passes inferolaterally)

Front 147

action of the gluteus medius muscle

Back 147

abducts the thigh, aids with both medial and lateral rotation of the thigh

Front 148

innervation of the gluteus medius muscle

Back 148

superior gluteal nerve , dorsal divisions of ventral rami L4, L5, S1

Front 149

arterial supply to the gluteus medius muscle

Back 149

superior gluteal artery

Front 150

the superior muscle(s) of the gluteal region

Back 150

gluteus maximus muscle
(and bursae)

Front 151

intermediate muscle(s) of the gluteal region

Back 151

gluteus medius muscle

Front 152

deep muscle(s) of the gluteal region

Back 152

gluteus minimus muscle
piriformis muscle
superior gemellus muscle
inferior gemellus muscle
obturator internus muscle
quadratus femoris muscle
obturator externus muscle

Front 153

origin of the gluteus minimus muscle

Back 153

iliac ala intermediate to the anterior and inferior gluteal lines, and the superior edge of the greater sciatic notch

Front 154

insertion of the gluteus minimus muscle

Back 154

anterior aspects of the greater trochanter and the hip joint capsule - passes inferiorly

Front 155

action of the gluteus minimus muscle

Back 155

abduction and medial rotation of the thigh (medial rotation because the insertion of the muscle is anterior to the hip joint axis)

Front 156

innervation of the gluteus minimus muscle

Back 156

superior gluteal nerve, dorsal divisions of ventral rami L4, L5, S1

Front 157

arterial supply of gluteus minimus muscle

Back 157

superior gluteal artery

Front 158

an important anatomic landmark as it aids in the identification of other structures in its region

Back 158

Piriformis muscle

Front 159

origin of the piriformis muscle

Back 159

pelvis surface of the sacrum S2, S3, S4

Front 160

insertion of the piriformis muscle

Back 160

superior aspect of the greater trochanter - passes laterally, exiting the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen

Front 161

action of the piriformis muscle

Back 161

lateral rotation of the thigh
assists in abduction and extension of the thigh

Front 162

innervation of the piriformis muscle

Back 162

dorsal division of S2 ventral ramus (except nerve to piriformis muscle)

Front 163

arterial supply to the piriformis muscle

Back 163

superior and inferior gluteal arteries, internal pudendal artery

Front 164

a small muscle situated inferior to piriformis muscle and deep to some neurovasculature structures. the muscle belly lies adjacent to the inferior gemellus muscle belly

Back 164

superior gemellus muscle

Front 165

origin of the superior gemellus muscle

Back 165

ischial spine and superior edge of lesser sciatic notch

Front 166

insertion of the superior gemellus muscle

Back 166

anterior fossa (unnamed) at the medial aspect of the greater trochanter with the tendons of obturator internus and inferior gemellus muscles - passes laterally

Front 167

action of the superior gemellus muscle

Back 167

lateral rotation of the thigh

Front 168

innervation of the superior gemellus muscle

Back 168

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles, from the sacral plexus, ventral divisions of ventral rami L5, S1, S2

Front 169

arterial supply to the superior gemellus muscle

Back 169

inferior gluteal artery

Front 170

origin of the inferior gemellus muscle

Back 170

inferior margin of lesser sciatic notch and superior border of ischial tuberosity

Front 171

insertion of the inferior gemellus muscle

Back 171

anterior fossa (unnamed) at the medial edge of the greater trochanter, with the tendons of superior gemellus and obturator internus muscles - passes laterally

Front 172

action of inferior gemellus muscle

Back 172

lateral rotation of the thigh

Front 173

innervation of inferior gemellus muscle

Back 173

nerve to inferior gemellus muscle and quadratus femoris muscle, from the sacral plexus, ventral division of ventral rami L4, L5, S1

Front 174

arterial supply to inerior gemellus muscle

Back 174

medial femoral circumflex artery

Front 175

origin of the obturator internus muscle

Back 175

pelvic surfaces of the obturator foramen and obturator membrane

Front 176

insertion of the obturator internus muscle

Back 176

anterior fossa (unnamed) on the medial edge of the greater trochanter, with the gemelli muscles - passes posterolaterally to exit the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen, then angles anteriorly around the lesser sciatic notch

Front 177

action of the obturator internus muscle

Back 177

external rotation of the thigh,
extension and abduction of the thigh when the hip is flexed

Front 178

innervation of the obturator internus muscle

Back 178

nerve ot obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles, fro the sacral plexus, ventral divisions of ventral rami L5, S1, S2

Front 179

arterial supply to obturator internus muscle

Back 179

superior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries

Front 180

rectangular shaped muscle, most inferior of the gluteal muscles

Back 180

quadratus muscles

Front 181

origin of the quadratus muscle

Back 181

external border (of posterior squared part) of ischial tuberosity

Front 182

insertion of the quadratus muscle

Back 182

quadrate tubercle - passes directly lateral

Front 183

action of quadratus muscle

Back 183

lateral rotation of the thigh

Front 184

innervation of the quadratus muscle

Back 184

nerve to the inferior gemellus muscle and quadratus femoris muscle, from sacral plexus. ventral divisions of ventral rami L4, L5, S1

Front 185

arterial supply to quadratus muscle

Back 185

medial femoral circumflex artery

Front 186

origin of the obturator externus muscle

Back 186

external surfaces of the obturator foramen and the obturaotr membrane

Front 187

insertion of the obturator externus muscle

Back 187

trochanteric fossa of the femur - passes posterolaterally around the inferior surface of the femoral neck (a spiral course)

Front 188

action of the obturator externus muscle

Back 188

lateral rotation of the thigh (due to insertion posterior to the hip joint axis)
aids in flexion and adduction of the thigh (due to its course around the femoral neck)

Front 189

innervation of the obturator externus muscle

Back 189

obturator nerve, ventral division of ventral rami L2, L3, L4 - the only gluteal region muscle to receive innervation from the lumbar plexus

Front 190

arterial supply to the obturator externus muscle

Back 190

obturator artery

Front 191

nerve from the ventral divisions of ventral rami S2, S3, S4 that exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis muscle and passes posterior to the sacrospinous ligament and reenters the pelvis vis the lesser sciatic foramen

Back 191

pudendal nerve

Front 192

from the ventral divisions of ventral rami L5, S1, S2 and exits the pelvis via the greater foramen, inferior to the piriformis muscle

Back 192

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles

Front 193

lies lateral to the pudendal nerve as it passes posterior to the sacrospinous ligament, and sends a branch laterally to supply the superior gemellus muscle. it then reenters the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen to innervate the obturator internus muscle

Back 193

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles

Front 194

from dorsal rami divisions of ventral rami S1, S2, and ventral divisions of ventral rami S2, S3 and exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis muscle and usually posterior to the sciatic nerve, the main branch lies within the fascia on the deep surface of gluteus maximus muscle, then passes inferiorly through the posterior thigh, deep to or within the fascia lata to the inferior knee region

Back 194

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 195

components of the pudendal nerve

Back 195

ventral divisions of ventral rami S2, S3, S4

Front 196

components of neve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles

Back 196

ventral divisions of ventral rami L5, S1, S2

Front 197

components of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Back 197

dorsal divisions of ventral rami S1, S2, and ventral divisions of ventral rami S2, and S3

Front 198

cutaneous branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve that supply a portion of the gluteal region and arise near the proximal end and pass along deep surface of gluteus maximus muscle then pass around its inferior edge to the skin

Back 198

inferior cluneal nerves

Front 199

from ventral divisions of ventral rami L4, L5, S1 that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis muscle and passes anterior to the obturator internus tendon and the gemelli muscles where it send a branch to the inferior gemellus muscle, it continues inferiorly and send branches to the hip joint and the deep side of the quadratus femoris muscle

Back 199

nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles

Front 200

components of the nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles

Back 200

ventral divisions of ventral rami L4, L5, S1

Front 201

the largest nerve in the body and primary formation of the sacral plexus from dorsal divisions of ventral rami L4, L5, S1, S2 and ventral divisions of ventral rami L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Back 201

sciatic nerve

Front 202

exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic nerve deep to the glutes maximus muscle and ususally inferior to the piriformis muscle . passes inferiorly into the thigh usually midway between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter, and continues inferiorly along the posteromedial aspect of the thigh, deep to the muscle to the level o the knee region where it normally divides

Back 202

sciatic nerve

Front 203

from dorsal divisions of ventral rami L5, S1, S2 and exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis muscle and passes directly posterior and into the gluteus maximus muscle to innervate it

Back 203

inferior gluteal nerve

Front 204

what are the components of the inferior gluteal nerve

Back 204

dorsal divisions of ventral rami L5, S1, S2

Front 205

from dorsal divisions of ventral rami L4, L5, S1 and exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, superior to the piriformis muscle and passes laterally , intermediate to the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus and supplies both of them and continues anterolaterally to supply the tensor fascia lata muscle

Back 205

superior gluteal nerve

Front 206

what are the divisions of the superior gluteal nerve

Back 206

dorsal divisions of ventral rami L4, L5, S1

Front 207

from dorsal divisions of ventral rami S2, S3 that exits the pelvis by piercing the sacrotuberous ligament, usually near the sacrum and may be a direct course within the ligament for a short course

Back 207

perforating cutaneous ligament

Front 208

passes inferiorly around the distomedial edge of the gluteus maximus muscle to innervate a small are of skin at the inferomedial gluteal region

Back 208

perforating cutaneous nerve

Front 209

components of perforating cutaneous nerve

Back 209

dorsal divisions of ventral rami S2, S3

Front 210

structure from the anterior trunk of internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis vie the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis muscle, usually lies intermediate to the pudendal nerve and nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles

Back 210

internal pudendal artery

Front 211

structure from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery that passes posterior to the sacrospinous ligament and reenters the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen then supplies the obturator internus muscle

Back 211

internal pudendal artery

Front 212

from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery that supplies the piriformis muscle, levator ani and coccygeus muscles then exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen then passes posterior to supply the gluteus maximus and superior gemellus muscles, the sciatic nerve and the hip joint

Back 212

inferior gluteal artery

Front 213

from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery that supplies the piriformis and obturator internus muscle then exit the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen

Back 213

superior gluteal artery

Front 214

from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery that has a superficial branch that passes posterior to supply the gluteus maximus muscle and a deep branch passes lateral to supply the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata muscles and the hip joint; travels with the superior gluteal nerve

Back 214

superior gluteal artery

Front 215

structural classification of the hip joint

Back 215

synovial spheroid joint

Front 216

functional classification of the hip joint

Back 216

diarthrosis

Front 217

the hip joint has motion in how many planes

Back 217

three = triplanar

Front 218

ligaments outside the hip joint cavity that spiral around the hip joint from posterior to anterior and are taut when hip is extended and limit extension of the hip joint

Back 218

extracapsular ligaments
or
extrinsic ligaments

Front 219

the anterior extrinsic ligaments

Back 219

iliofemoral ligament/ligament of Bigelow
pubofemoral ligament

Front 220

ligament that attaches proximally to the inferior part of the anterior inferior iliac spines and the iliac part of the acetabular rim (lip) and passes distally as 2 bands

Back 220

iliofemoral ligament

Front 221

one of the strongest ligaments in the body

Back 221

iliofemoral ligament

Front 222

the ligament that attaches to the superior part of the interotrochanteric line that is taught when hip is externally rotated

Back 222

upper band of the iliofemoral ligament

Front 223

the ligament that attaches to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line that is taught when the hip joint is abducted and hyperextended

Back 223

lower band of the iliofemoral joint

Front 224

ligament that attaches proximally to the pubic part of the acetabular rim and the lateral part of the superior pubic ramus and passes distally and blends with the capsule of the hip joint medially

Back 224

pubofemoral ligament

Front 225

extrinsic posterior femoral ligaments

Back 225

iliofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament

Front 226

the posterosuperior fibers of this ligament pass anteriorly around the hip joint to insert on the superior part of the intertrochanteric line

Back 226

iliofemoral ligament

Front 227

attaches proximally to the ischial part of the acetabular rim and passes superolaterally over the posterior surface of the hip joint to blend with the capsule of the hip joint at the femoral neck

Back 227

ischiofemoral ligament

Front 228

intrinsic posterior ligaments

Back 228

zona orbicularis
transverse acetabular ligament
ligament capitis femoris

Front 229

the thickened constricted area of the capsule around the neck of the femur with circularly oriented fibers that are visible on ten posteroinferior surface and initially believed to hold the femoral head in the acetabulum, but it is not strong enough by itself

Back 229

zona orbicularis

Front 230

a ligament with no bony attachments

Back 230

zona orbicularis

Front 231

ligament that attaches to the edges of the acetabular notch , at the margins of the lunate surface, converting nit into the acetabular foramen for the passage of auricular vessel

Back 231

transverse acetabular ligament

Front 232

attaches proximally to the margins of the acetabular notch and the transverse acetabular ligament within the acetabulum and passes along the acetabular fossa which is covered with adipose tissue and attaches distally to the margins of the fovea capitis femoris

Back 232

ligamentum capitus femoris

Front 233

a week ligament which transmits the artery to the head of the femur and is important in infants (under age 3) as the artery is the primary supply to the femoral head until this age

Back 233

ligamentum capitus femoris

Front 234

parts of the capsule

Back 234

zona orbicularis
retinacula

Front 235

bundles of longitudinal capsular fibers that reflect superiorly along the femoral neck after having reached the inferior margin of the capsular limits and provide passage of blood vessel from the capsule and synovial lining to the head of the femur, main area for passage of vessels to nourish the head and neck of the femur after 3 years of age

Back 235

retinacula

Front 236

a pad of fibrocartilage that lies along and attaches to the acetabular rim

Back 236

acetabular labrum

Front 237

function of the acetabular labrum

Back 237

to deepen the joint which provides a better fit between the bone ends

Front 238

lines all of the structures contained within the joint capsule except the articular surfaces of the bones, so all intrinsic ligaments are extrasynovial

Back 238

synovium
- the synovium that lines the retinacula of the capsule are raised into folds through which the blood vessels pass

Front 239

a branch of the acetabular artery, after passes into the acetabulum via the acetabular foramen, which then passes along the acetabular fossa that supplies the head of the femur, but is not primary supply after age 3.

Back 239

artery to the ligamentum capitus femoris

Front 240

the ascending branch passes along the femoral intertrochanteric crest and gives rise to branches which pass through the retinacula to supply the femoral head and anastamoses with branches of the femoral head

Back 240

medial femoral circumflex artery

Front 241

the ascending branch passes along the femoral intertrochanteric line and gives rise the branches which pass through the retinacula to supply the head and neck of the femur and anastamoses with the branches in the femoral head

Back 241

lateral femoral circumflex artery

Front 242

branches that arise from the deep branch and continue laterally and inferiorly to supply the hip joint

Back 242

superior gluteal artery

Front 243

branches which pass laterally and inferiorly to supply the piriformis and superior and superior gemellus muscles then continue to the hip joint

Back 243

inferior gluteal artery

Front 244

two main hip anastamoses

Back 244

trochanteric anastamoses
and
cruciate anastamoses

Front 245

provides major blood supply to the head and neck of the femur, after three years of age. its an arterial anastamoses around the femoral neck and branches pass within the retinacula of the capsule

Back 245

trochanteric anastamoses

Front 246

components of the trochanteric anastamosis

Back 246

superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
medial femoral circumflex artery
lateral femoral circumflex artery

Front 247

the deep branch of the trochanteric anastamosis passes intermediate to the gluteus medius and minimus muscles and gives rise to an inferior branch which continues inferiorly to the hip joint area

Back 247

superior gluteal artery

Front 248

the branch of the trochanteric anastamosis to the hip joint also normally supplies both piriformis and superior gemellus muscles and it courses intermediate to the gluteus maximus muscle and the smaller muscles of the

Back 248

inferior gluteal artery

Front 249

the ascending branch of the trochanteric anastamosis which passes along the intertrochanteric crest of the femur

Back 249

medial femoral circumflex artery

Front 250

the ascending branch of the trochanteric anastamosis which passes along the intertrochanteric line of the femur

Back 250

lateral circumflex artery

Front 251

components of the cruciate anastamosis

Back 251

inferior gluteal artery
medial femoral circumflex artery
lateral femoral circumflex artery
first perforating of the profunda femoris artery

Front 252

a branch of the cruciate anastamosis that supplies the hip joint

Back 252

inferior gluteal artery

Front 253

the transverse branch of the cruciate anastamosis that passes anteriorly around the femur at the junction of the proximal extremity and shaft

Back 253

medial femoral circumflex artery

Front 254

the transverse branch of the cruciate anastamosis that passes anteriorly around the femur at the junction of the proximal extremity and shaft

Back 254

lateral femoral circumflex artery

Front 255

the branch of the cruciate anastamosis that passes posterolaterally near the inferior extent of the lesser trochanter

Back 255

first perforating of the profunda femoris artery