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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is logic? |
The science of right thinking |
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What are the three acts of the mind? |
MENTAL ACT VERBAL EXPRESSION Simple apprehension Term Judgement Proposition Deductive inference Syllogism |
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Define comprehension |
Intelligible content of a concept |
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Define Extension |
Everything a concept refers to |
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What are the three types of Signification? |
Univocal, equivocal, analogous |
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What are the three types of Supposition? |
Material, logical, real |
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What are the three elements of a Proposition? |
Subject term, predicate term, copula |
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What are the four statements of logic? |
All S is P, Some S is P, No S is P, Some S is not P |
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What are the two qualities of Propositions? |
Affirmative and Negative |
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What are the two quantities of Propositions? |
Universal and Particular |
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What are the two relationships categorical statements can have to one another? |
Opposition and Equivalence |
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What are the four kinds of Opposition? |
Contradictory, contrary, subcontrary, subaltern |
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What is the First Law of Opposition? |
Contradictories cannot at the same time be true NOR at the same time be false |
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What is the Second Law of Opposition? |
Contraries cannot at the same time both be true, but CAN at the same time be false |
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What is the Third Law of Opposition? |
Subcontraries may at the same time both be true, but CANNOT at the same time both be false |
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Define Distribution |
The status of a term in regard to its extension |
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What are the two steps to obversion? |
1) Change quality of a statement 2) Negate the predicate |
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How do you convert a statement using conversion? |
Interchange the subject the predicate |
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What are the three steps to contraposition? |
1) Obvert the statement 2) Convert the statement 3) Obvert the statement again |
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What are the three ways to convert logical statements into their logical equivalents? |
Obversion, conversion, contraposition |
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What are the two kinds of reasoning? |
Deductive and Inductive |
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Define deductive reasoning |
General --> Specific |
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Define inductive reasoning |
Specific --> General |
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What are the two parts of an argument? |
Antecedent and Consequent |
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What are the three terms in a syllogism? |
Major, minor, middle |
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What is the proper formation of a syllogism? |
1) Major premise 2) Minor premise 3) Conclusion |
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What is the Major premise? |
Premise which contains major term |
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What is the Minor premise? |
Premise which contains minor term |
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What are the three categories of Rules of Validity? |
Terminological, quantitative, qualitative |
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What are the two Terminological Rules of Validity? |
I) There must be 3 and only 3 terms II) Middle term must not occur in conclusion |
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What are the two Quantitative Rules of Validity? |
III) If a term is distributed in conclusion, it must be distributed in premises IV) Middle term must be distributed at least once |
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What are the three Qualitative Rules of Validity? |
V) No conclusion can follow from 2 negative premises VI) If 2 premises are affirmative, conclusion must also be affirmative VII) If either premise is negative, conclusion must be negative |
