Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Logic Definition |
the critical study of arguments from the rational persuasive standpoint OR the critical study of reasoning |
|
|
Argument Definition |
a structured group of statements intended to perform a rational persuasive task
|
|
|
Statement definition |
a statement is expressed by an unambiguous declarative sentence of English. For us, all statements will be either true or false. |
|
|
Validity Defintion |
1) When the conclusions of an argument really follows from its premises, the argument is semantically valid, and 2) Whenever its premises are formally related to its conclusion in such a way that it would be logically impossible for the premises to all be true and its conclusion be false, under the same circumstances at one and the same time |
|
|
Validity defintion alternative |
if all of argument's premises were to be true in some situation, then its conclusion would have to be true in that situation as well. |
|
|
Logical form of an argument |
is the logical shape of an argument it is the symbolic representation of those structural features of an argument which are essential to its validity (or invalidity). |
|
|
simple statement |
just in the case that it contains no other statements as a logical part - generally, they express only one complete thought about a person, place, thing, or group - **they do not contain connective words like "and" or "not" - all simple statements are positive statements - example: ralph brushes with ultradent, all jellyfish are vertebrates, |
|
|
compound statements |
when statements are not simple they contain more than one logical part (connectives are a good indicator of this) - example: "religion is the opiate of the masses and the workers of the world will unite," "clint will hold them off until help arrives," "Mark Twain is not the pen name of Gary Trudeau," |
|
|
propositional logic def (2 parts) |
-an argument is propositional when it depends for its validity or invalidity on the pattern of compound statements and statements connectives of which it is composed. - the study of propositional arguments is called propositional logic |
|
|
Theorem |
P (P is a theorem of CSL) if and only ifthere is a derivation in CSL of P from noassumptions. |
