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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lymphocyte cells make what kinds of cells?
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B cells and T cells
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What do B cells do?
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Make antibodies and mark antigens to be destroyed (or neutralize an antigen)
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What is an epitope?
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the determinant on an antigen that make contact with the Ig (immunoglobin)
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How are effector functions activated and by what type of cells?
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B cells obviously because they make the antibody and the antibody changes conformation once the antigen has been bound to it
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What is the composition of Igs?
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2 identical heavy chains and light chains
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What kinds of regions do heavy chains contain? what about light chains?
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both contain constant and variable regions
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What are fc regions responsible for on B cells?
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they are responsible for special effector functions, complement fixation, and opsonization. they are activated or exposed after the antigen has been bound to the antibody
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True or false, fc regions are always exposed.
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False, they are only exposed after the antigen has been bound to the antibody
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What two loci are involved with the light chain?
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kappa lambda
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how many variable light chain genes are there? how many Joining region genes are there?
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400; 6
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What are the 4 regions involved in creating a heavy chain?
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DMV J
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What is FIRST on a heavy chain rearrangement? What gene does it use?
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IgM; C (mue),
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What is each T cell receptor composed of?
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alpha and beta chains
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Each T Cell Receptor Chain has variable and constant regions. True or False?
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True
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What do T cells with functional TCR's become?
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They become THo(T cell that hasnt encountered an antigen), CD4+, CD8+ (CTLs)
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What happens when you have a t cell receptor that binds to a self antigen?????
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it gets eliminated! that would be bad!!
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T cell receptors are what type of proteins?
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integral membrane proteins (so they NEVER circulate by themselves)
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What do MHC molecules do?
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allow the immune system to focus on viruses, cancer, and microbes
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How do MHC molecules act?
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They bind to the peptides that are loaded intracellularly and they begin to present them onto the surface
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What are class I MHCs?
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They are loaded with peptides from the ER, and they are antigenic only in virally infected/cancerous cells
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Where do Class 1 MHC molecules get their peptides from?
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The ER
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Where do Class II MHC molecules get their peptides from?
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phagolysosome
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What are Class II MHC molecules?
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They get their peptides from the phagolysosome and they are usually antigenic
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What type of cells are MHC 1 molecules found on (what particular feature)?
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nucleated cells
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Are MHC I molecules found on RBC's?
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No, because they aren't nucleated.
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How many molecules does each MHC cell express?
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6 (3 from each parent)
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Which class of MHC molecules are responsible for graft rejection?
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MHC 1
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Which class of molecules are found on antigenic presenting cells such as B cells and macrophages?
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MHC 11
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Describe what happens when an Antigen presenting cell (APC) encounters a THo
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1) Phagocytosis occurs and Antigens present on the surface of MHC Class II molecules 2) THo Cells bind and then interact with the APC and then they are activated and proliferate into TH1 and TH2, and memory cells are produced.
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