Microbio Quiz#2

Front 1

Vectors

Back 1

A living organism that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another

Front 2

Mechanical Vector

Back 2

Pathogen on the external surfaces of the vector.

Transports pathogen from one host to another.

Organism is not involved in the cycle of the pathogen.

Front 3

Housefly

Back 3

Musca Domestica/Mechanical

Front 4

Cockroach

Back 4

Blattella/Mechanical

Front 5

Biological Vector

Back 5

Vector is infected with the pathogen but doesnt cause disease to vector.

Vector transmits pathogen by biting, touching, and aerosol formation.

Front 6

How can biting vectors transfer pathogens?

Back 6

-Penetrating the skin and injecting saliva infected with pathogen directly in blood.
(Mosquito)

-Penetrate the skin and defecate around the wound.
(Fleas)

-Penetrate skin and regurgitate infected blood into wound.
(Tsetse Fly)

Front 7

Vector: Sandfly

Back 7

Disease: leishmaniasis
Pathogen:Leishmania

Front 8

Vector: Deer Fly

Back 8

Greek name: Chrysops
Disease: loiasis
Pathogen Loa Loa

Front 9

Vector: Black Fly

Back 9

Greek name: Simulium
Disease: onchocerciasis
Pathogen: Onchocerca

Front 10

Vector: Tsetse Fly

Back 10

Greek name: Glossina
Disease: trypanosomiasis
Pathogen: Trypanosoma brucei

*African sleeping sickness

Front 11

Vector: Reduviid bug; Kissing bug

Back 11

Greek name: Triatoma
Disease: Chagas' disease
Pathogen:Trypanosoma cruzi

*American sleeping sickness

Front 12

Vector: Anopheles

Back 12

Disease: malaria
Pathogen: Plasmodium

Front 13

Vector: Aedes aegypti

Back 13

1)Disease:Yellow fever
Pathogen: Flavivirus sp.

2)Disease: Elephantiasis
Pathogen: Wuchereria bancrofti

3)Disease:Dengue
Pathogen:Flavivirus sp.

Front 14

Three types of Lice:

Back 14

Head Louse: Pediculus humanus captitis

Body Louse: Pediculus humanus humanus

Crab Louse/Pubic Louse: Phthirus pubis.

Front 15

Lice with two different pathogens and diseases:

Back 15

1)Disease: epidemic typhus
Pathogen: Rickettsia prowazekii

2)Disease: epidemic relapsing fever
Pathogeb: Borrelia sp.

Front 16

Vector: Ticks

Back 16

Greek name:lxodes scapularis
Disease: Lyme disease
Pathogen: Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 17

Vector: Fleas

Back 17

Greek name: Xenopsylla
Disease: bubonic plague
Pathogen: Yersina pestis

Front 18

Vector: Dogs, raccoons

Back 18

rabies, leptospirosis

Front 19

Vector: Cats

Back 19

toxoplasmosis/toxoplasma

Front 20

Vector: Cattle

Back 20

cutaneous anthrax/Bacillus anthracis

esp. dangerous to pregnant women.

Front 21

Vector: Bats

Back 21

SARS/coronavirus

Front 22

Vector: Birds

Back 22

Avian influenza (aka bird flu)
-Influenza A

Ornithosis (psittacosis)
Chlamydia psittaci

Front 23

Reservoir

Back 23

A place to live before and after infecting a host.

Front 24

Zoonosis

Back 24

A disease spread from animals to humans.

Front 25

Human Reservoirs

Back 25

-Those who are sick (symptomatic)
-Those who are infected but not sick. (asymptomatic)

-incubatory carriers: infected but look healthy, will get sick soon.

-chronic carrier: infected but do not become sick for months or years.

Front 26

What kinds of environment can be reservoirs?

Back 26

-Soil
-Water
-House dusts
-Fomites/ Surfaces

Front 27

Fomite

Back 27

any inanimate object that can be used to spread disease.

Front 28

Ways of attachments:

Back 28

-Fimbriae
-Flagella
-Adhesive slime layers or capsules.
-specialized receptors on viral surfaces (glycoprotein spikes)
-Suckers, Hooks, Barbs (impt in parasitic worms -->Helminths)

Front 29

Escaping phagocytosis:

Back 29

-production of leukocidins

-survive engulfment through protective layers (slime, capsules).

Front 30

Remain Latent (hiding and blending with body):

Back 30

Latency:periodic reactivation of microbe

-viruses are able to hide from the immune system in different areas of the body.

Front 31

Transmission

Back 31

The spread/transfer of a pathogen from one organism to another.

-if transmissible, than can be termed communicable.

Front 32

Modes of Transmission:

Back 32

-Air (Airborne)
-Aerosols
-Direct Contact
-Indirect Contact (fomites)
-Vectors
-Parenteral (needle,bites, wounds)
-Water

-Fecal-oral (via ingestion-fomites)

Front 33

Portals of Entry:

Back 33

-Skin:through wounds
-Mouth [gastointestinal system]: ingestion
-Nose [respiratory system]: Inhaled
-Conjuctiva [lining of eye]: eye infection
-Vagina: sexually
-Placenta: During and giving birth.

Front 34

Portals of Exit:

Back 34

-Respiratory and salivary: sneezing coughing and spitting
-Skin: Sweating
-Fecal: Defacation
- Urogenital: urination
-Blood and bleeding

Front 35

Normal (indigenous) Flora

Back 35

Microbes always there; they do little or no harm and maybe also be beneficials

Front 36

Transiental/Transient Flora

Back 36

Microbes come and go in short irregular intervals.

Front 37

Staphylococcus epidermis

Back 37

yeast (Malassezia)

Front 38

Proprionibacterium

Back 38

acne

Front 39

Respiratory (Pulmonary) System

Back 39

-through nose and eyes

-upper respiratory system (conjuctiva, sinyses, throat)

-Staphylococcus aureas, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella)

Front 40

Alimentary Tract

Back 40

(mouth, stomach, intestines)

-function in the reception, movement, digestion, and absorption of food
ex: Streptococcus mutans

microbes contribute to gas production:
ex: E. coli, Bacteriodes.

Front 41

Epidemiology

Back 41

An information science; examine the public record for evidence of how diseases are spread, where, and when.

Front 42

Epidemic

Back 42

Pattern of disease transmission in which many people are affected within a short period of time.

(alot of people going through acute infection)

ex: avian influenza

Front 43

Pandemic

Back 43

a global epidemic

moving from person to person

ex: SARS

Front 44

Reasons for nosocomial infections

Back 44

-Immunocompromised individuals.
(Weakend immune system Elderly, Neonates-Newborn, Sick-Diabetes)

-Invasive medical procedures
(Major surgery that may have allowed pathogens to enter body)

-Antibiotics

Front 45

Encoscopy

Back 45

instruments are introduced into the gastrointestinal tract.

Front 46

Bronchoscopy

Back 46

instruments are introduced in the respiratory tract.

Front 47

Laparoscopy

Back 47

instruments are introduced into the abdominal cavity