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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Living Economy |
▫body needs an energy currency ▫a way to pass energy around ▫needs a storage molecule for energy. |
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ATP |
▫Adenosine Tri Phosphate ▫cant store energy ▫good energy donor, not good energy storage. ▫carbohydrates and fats are long term energy storage. |
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Activation energy |
▫an initial input of energy required to break down large molecules. ▫cellulose➡C+H20+Heat |
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Catalysts reduce |
▫the amount of energy to start a reaction. ▫ex: gasoline for a fire |
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Enzymes |
▫biological catalysts ▫made of proteins ▫speed up chemical reactions ▫reduce activation energy ▫required for most biological reactions ▫highly specific - one enzyme for each reaction of life. |
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Properties of enzymes |
▫each enzymes work with a specific substrate. ▫hot consumed in reaction. ▫affected by cellular conditions. ▫enzymes named for reaction they catalyze. |
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Pepsin |
▫breaks down proteins |
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DNA polymerad |
▫builds DNA. |
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Lock and Key |
▫substrate fits into 3-D, structure of enzyme's active site. |
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Factors Affecting Enzyme Function |
▫enzyme and substrate concentration ▫as ⬆enzyme = ⬆ reaction rate ▫after a while the reaction rate levels off. ▫tempature must be within a certain rane. ▫body temp= 37°C ▫heat: increase beyond optimum T. ▫molecules move slower |
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Enzymes and Tempature |
▫different enzymes function in different organisms in different environments. |
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pH |
▫changes in pH disrupts 3D shape ▫because of protein denaturation ▫most human enzymes= pH 6-8 ▫depends on localized conditions ▫pepsin (stomach)= pH 2-3 ▫trypsin ( small intestine) = pH 8 |
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Salt concentration |
▫changes in salinity ▫disrupts bonds, disrupts 3D shape ▫enzymes intolerant of extreme salinity |
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Metabolic pathways |
▫chemical reactions of life are organized in pathways ▫divide chemical reaction into many small steps. |
