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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define jaundice |
excess circulating bilirubin in tissues heme (in RBCs) -> bilirubin + albumin -> conjugated bilirubin (nonsoluble) + intestinal bacterial flora (deconjucates bilirubin) -> stercobilinogens (feces) and urobilinogens (urine) |
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causes of jaundice
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abnormalities in metabolism/ increased RBC hemolysis, impaired liver uptake, decreased conjugation, impaired bilary secretion, viral infections/autoimmune, hemolytic anemias, drugs (acetaminophen, erythromycin, sulfa, antidepressants, oral contraceptives) |
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extrahepatic causes of jaundice |
duct stone pancreatic cancer |
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intrahepatic causes of jaundice |
hepatitis drug toxicity alcohol liver disease |
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diagnosis of juandice |
detailed med hx, physical exam, blood test, signs: yellowing of eye |
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treatment |
source of dependent |
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define cirrhosis |
scarring of liver liver-detoxes |
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causes of cirrhosis |
alcoholism, chronic hep B,C,D, inherited diseases, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), blocked bile ducts, drugs, toxins, infection |
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signs and symptoms of cirrhosis |
exhaustion, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, nausea more sensitive to drugs bc of poor detoxification early: none |
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complications of cirrhosis |
edema, ascites, bruising, bleeding, jaundice, pruritis, buildup of toxins in blood/brain, sensitivity to medications, kidney, immune system dysfunction |
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diagnosis of cirrhosis |
complete med hx, physical exam, symptoms, lab test, biopsy |
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treatment of cirrhosis |
abstain from alcohol, low sodium/protein diet, diuretics, damage is irreversible |
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define hepatitis |
inflammation of the liver |
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causes of hepatitis |
infection, liver damage, overdose of acetaminophen, autoimmune |
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common risk factors of hepatitis |
IV drug use, risky sexual behavior, eating contaminated food, alcohol abuse, AIDS, blood transfusions, mothers with hep B or C, HCW, tattooing |
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complications of hepatitis |
acute disease with recovery acute disease with death (fulminating) acute disease with recovery resulting in a carrier state |
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hepatitis A (HAV) |
vaccines: Havrix/Vaqta |
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hepatitis B (HBV) |
vaccines: Engerix B/ REcombivax HB |
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heptatits D (HDV) (delta hepatitis) |
have to have hep B infection |
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hepatitis E (HEV) |
relatively rare usually in 3rd world countries must have recurrent HBV no vaccine fecal contamination - water |
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hepatitis C |
no vaccine high rate of heterogeneity high rate of mutation 6 major genotypes lasts a long time outside of the body can live in cold temps |
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risks of hepatitis C |
parenteral, injectable drug use, tattooing, piercing |
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symptoms of hepatitis C |
jaundice, fever, abdominal pain, malaise, abnormal liver function test, nausea, anorexia |
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define glomerulonephritis |
inflammation of the glomeruli (in the kidneys) |
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causes of glomerulonephritis |
hx of cancer, strep, viral, heart infections, DM, damage to glomeruli |
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general signs and symptoms of glomerulonephritis |
blood in urine, dark, rusty brown urine, foamy urine |
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chronic renal failure causes (kidney) |
DM, HT, autoimmune diseases, toxic chemicals, glomerulonephritis |
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signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure |
weight loss, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, feeling ill, fatigue, headache, pruritis, easy bruising, bleeding, decreased alertness, drowsiness, increased skin pigmentation, light skin, decreased using output |
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treatment for chronic renal failure |
hypertension control, corticosteroids, immunosuppresive drugs, dietary restrictions (salt/fluids/protein), dialysis, kidney transplant |
