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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deductive Organization
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Definition: Starts with the conclusion. Text Example: "It's not a trivial exercise. It's about 120 questions long. In fact, it is so tedious and demanding that many students leave as many as ten or twenty questions blank" (Gladwell 147). Why: This is deductive organization because it starts with the topic/conclusion, and you already know what is going to be stated. |
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Inductive Organization
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Definition: starts by presenting evidence that leads to a conclusion. Text Example: "Everyone from all three groups started playing at roughly the same age...had reached ten thousand hours" (30-39). Why: These 4 pages are the evidence leading up to the conclusion of how reaching ten thousand hours will make you an expert and successful. |
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Exemplification |
Definition: a rhetorical device that is defined as a short tale, narrative, or anecdote used in literary pieces and speeches to explain a doctrine or emphasize a moral point. Text Example: "From that point on, the Computer Center was his life. He programmed...Billy Joy" (36). Why: This is exemplification because it is a narrative/anecdote about Billy Joy's life. |
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Cause/Effect |
Definition: noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others. Text Example: "And what did virtually all of those opportunities have in common? They gave Bill Gates extra time to practice...He was way past ten thousand hours" (54-55). Why: This is cause and effect because the cause of Bill gates success is him working over ten thousand hours. The effect was his success as the creator of Microsoft. |
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Description |
Definition: a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event. Text Example: "The most striking fact about rice paddy...is its size. It's tiny... Asian rice farm might be composed of two or three paddies" (232). Why: This is description because the rice paddy is being described so you are visually able to picture the paddies. |
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Process Analysis
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Definition: explain how to do something, how something works, or how something happens. Text Example: "It's simply that in Canada the eligibility cutoff for age-class hockey is January 1. A boy who turns ten...in age represents an enormous difference in physical maturity" (24). Why: This is the explanation of how the hockey players being born on January 1st are more likely to become professional players. This is process analysis. |
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Narration
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Definition: the action or process of narrating a story. Text Example: "Chris Langan's mother was from San Francisco and was estranged from her family. She had four sons, each with a different father. Chris was her eldest...this guy has a year and a half of college. How can he know what he's talking about?" (91-95). Why: This is narration because this is the story of Chris Langan and his life. |
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Comparison/Contrast |
Definitions: Contrast: is a rhetorical device through which writers identify differences between two subjects, places, persons, things or ideas. Comparison: is a rhetorical or literary device in which a writer compares two people, places, things, or ideas. Text Example: "Biologists often talk about "ecology" of an organism...and hockey is a good place to start because the explanation for who gets to the top of the hockey world is a lot more interesting and complicated that in it looks. In fact, it's down right peculiar" (19-20). Why: This is comparison and contrast because you're relating biology to hockey, but contrasting the two ideas themselves. |
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Exposition |
Definition: is a literary device used to introduce background information about events, settings, characters etc. to the audience or readers. Text Example: "Just as we did, then, with Bill Joy and Chris Langan, let's start over with Joseph Flom, this time putting to use everything we've learned from the first four chapters of this book" (119). Why: This is exposition because Gladwell states what had occurred in chapters one through four in order to continue his thought process from his background information. |
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Persuasion |
Definition: a literary technique that writers use to present their ideas through reasons and logic to influence the audience. Text Example: "Let's take the threshold one step further...And just because Michigan's minority students have lower scores on convergence tests doesn't mean they don't have the other critical trait in abundance" (86-89). Why: This is persuasion because he is persuading to you that because some students have lower test scores doesn't meant they don't have the other critical trait in abundance. |
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Repetition |
Definition: a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer. Text Example: "They were no good onstage...They learned not only stamina. They had to learn enormous amounts of numbers...They weren't disciplined onstage at all before that. But when they came back, they sounded like no one else. It was the making of them" (50). Why: The repetition of the word "they". |
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Syllogism |
Definition: a rhetorical device that starts an argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusion about something more specific. Text Example: "He has talent by the truckload. But that's not the only consideration...The key to his development is that he stumbled across that nondescript building on Beal Avenue" (43). |
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Logos |
Definition: The logical appeal of a piece of writing. Text Example: "The super IQ test was created by Ronald K. Hoeflin, who is himself someone with an unusually high IQ" (71). Why: This is logos because the super IQ test was logically. |
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Ethos |
Definition: The credibility appeal of a piece of writing. Text Example: " 'Ninety-nine percent of all human activity described in this and other accounts [of French country life], he (Graham Robb) writes, 'took place between late spring and early autumn' " (234). Why: This is ethos because the statistic is credible. |
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Pathos |
Definition: The emotional appeal of a piece of writing. Text Example: "Joe Flom is the last living "named" partner of the law firm Skadden...Flom was extremely overweight. He waddles when he walks...conversations drop to a hush" (116). Why: When reading this, it was pathos because Gladwell was trying to get to your emotions while stating Joe Floms appearance. |
