Listening

Front 1

Listening Process

Back 1

1. Receive sensory stimuli
2. Attending / Recognize
3. Interpret / Assign meaning
4. Respond / React (Verb & N.V.)
5. Reflect / Paraphrase / Understand

Hint 1

Types of Listening:

Engaged / Relational / Critical

Front 2

Listening Obstacles

Back 2

1. Environment (physical)
2. Medium (media & tech.)
3. Source (auditory & visual)
4. Factual (distracting details)
5. Semantics (words / phrases)
6. Content (representational)
7. Selective (personal views)
8. Egocentric (own msg)
9. Wandering Thoughts (unrelated to msg)

Hint 2

People speak avg. 100-150 wpm
People listen avg 400-500 wpm

Front 3

Recall Exercise in Class

Back 3

10 people are chosen to leave the room while the teacher tells one person a narrative. That person then has to recall the narrative and recite it to a person that comes into the room from outside. This process continues with the last person who heard the message reciting it to the next. As the message is passed on from one person to the next it became shorter and skewed.

Hint 3

This exercise illustrates how listening is not always consistent among people. They may hear something that wasn't really said, or miss a significant part of a message due to poor listening or obstacles to listening.

Front 4

Fallacious Argument

Back 4

These arguments appear legitimate, but are actually based on faulty reasoning or insufficient evidence. An example would be an appeal to the people, or bandwagon arguments appealing to social proof. The arguer would claim that since everybody is jumping off of a cliff, you should follow suit. This is a faulty argument because although it may seem that everyone is doing something or thinks a certain way, historically this has not proven that something is true or correct. Fallacious arguments can be recognized when applying critical listening to a message.

Front 5

False Alternative

Back 5

False alternatives are a type of fallacious argument in which two options are presented. This is a strategy used when the speaker wants their audience to choose their favored option by making the other seem like a poor choice. This is a fallacy because there are usually more than one option to choose from in any argument. The option that seems like the poor choice is portrayed that way by the speaker in order to steer the audience to choose their cause versus the other.

Front 6

Red Herring

Back 6

Diverts attention away from real argument.

Hint 6

"Draw a red herring across the trail"
17th c. dog trainers would drag a smoked herring fish across the train of a fox to assess the ability of the dogs to focus on the fox's scent.

Front 7

Therapeutic Listening

Back 7

this listening objective enables someone to talk through a problem. Creates a supportive listening environment in which speaker can be open in expressing their feelings. Listening with empathy entails viewing the speaker's problem from the perspective of another, or trying to imagine how they are feeling. Try to determine what the other person desires from the interaction. Offering positive nonverbal behaviors, such as placing your hand on their shoulder, can provide an additional way to make them feel comfortable to confide in you and let them know you are actively listening.