List 1 - Church History 1 - Ancient Church

Front 1

Three Contributions to the Apostolic Church?

Back 1

1. Greek - Intellectual

2. Roman - Civil

3. Jewish - Religious

Front 2

First king of note in Roman Empire?

Back 2

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus

Front 3

1st Punic War

Back 3

Sicily appeals to both Rome and Carthage to settle internal disputes; Carthage is a naval power; Rome has no navy at this time; in four years, Rome goes from no navy to becoming a naval power

Front 4

2nd Punic War

Back 4

the Hannabilic Wars results in Carthage basically defeated by Rome; notes for Hanninal’s use of elephants

Front 5

3rd Punic War

Back 5

resulted in the razing of Carthage and Rome’s annexation of much of North Africa. This will set the stage for the expansion of Christianity into North Africa 200 years later

Front 6

Roman contributions to Christianity

Back 6

Stable civil government with “universal” law “World-wide” military presence – the Pax Romana System of roads made transportation easy Citizenship made travel easy

Front 7

Three Greek philosophers?

Back 7

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Front 8

What is Stoicism?

Back 8

“The stoic doctrine is divided into three parts: logic, physics, and ethics. Stoicism is essentially a system of ethics which, however, is guided by a logic as theory of method, and rests upon physics as foundation.” “Their notion of morality is stern, involving a life in accordance with nature and controlled by virtue. It is an ascetic system, teaching perfect indifference (apathea) to everything external, for nothing external could be either good or evil.”

Front 9

Who were the main teachers of Stoicism?

Back 9

Zeno, Cleanthes, or Chrysippus

Front 10

What were two Greek philosophies post NT era?

Back 10

Epicureanism and Neoplatonism

Front 11

Two Greek religions?

Back 11

Emporer Worship and Mystery Religions

Front 12

List the four mystery religions?

Back 12

Dionysus – (Bacchus) fertility god of wine and harvest; sensualIsis – the goddess of heavenCybele – magna mater Mithras – popular among Roman soldiers and sailors

Front 13

What were the four Jewish contributions?

Back 13

Monotheism - someone to worshipMessianic Hope - something to expectEthical System - something to doThe Jewish Scriptures - something to study

Front 14

Where did the early church meet for worship initially? Where next?

Back 14

Synagoges and then, homes

Front 15

What were the elements of the form of worship in the apostolic church?

Back 15

The table, Scripture reading, Exhortation, Teaching, Singing and Prayer

Front 16

Church government of the apostolic church?

Back 16

Autonomous churches, lead by pastors, elders, deacons, deaconesses

Front 17

Describe the nature of apostolic churches?

Back 17

SimpleEvangelistic Missionary

Front 18

What were some challenges to the post-apostolic church?

Back 18

From WithinFalse doctrine / heresy – GnosticismFalse practices – Troubles with other religions Troubles with Rome

Front 19

What is Ebionism?

Back 19

Heresy in Palestine in late 1st century, spread to Asia Minor - Ebionism is the incorrect theological view that Jesus was not divine but merely an ordinary man.Name derives from a Greek transliteration of an Aramaic word for “poor ones”Mentioned in Irenaeus, Origen, Tertullian, HippolytusPopular among Jewish Christians Teaching

Front 20

What did Ebonism teach?

Back 20

According to Irenaeus, they considered Paul an apostate Jew for separating Christianity from the TorahUniversality of the Mosaic lawAccepted only the Gospel of MatthewJesus the Messiah, prophetic but human, only a man; rejected his virgin birthMillenarian hope

Front 21

Who were the leaders of Gnosticism?

Back 21

Cerinthus 1st centuryMarcion (d. c. 160 AD)Valentinus (d. c. 160 AD) Tatian (110-172)

Front 22

What was the background of Gnosticism?

Back 22

Rooted in pagan philosophy, esp. Platonism Flavored by Oriental mysticismElitist in appealEmpire-wide in influenceDiverse in worshipForced Church to define canon and rules of faithForced Church to emphasize apostolic succession as guardians of truth

Front 23

What did Gnosticism teach?

Back 23

Possessors of a unique gnosisThey were spirit – others soul and body ! DualisticRejected OT and JudiasmAllegorical interp.Matter is evilOT god the demiurge (Jehovah)Christ’s body an illusion

Front 24

What is Montanism?

Back 24

AsceticChiliastic; expected an imminent Millennium Practiced glossilaliaGenerally orthodox in doctrineThey were the spiritual, other carnalContinued prophetic revelation Sought martyrdom

Front 25

Who were the leaders of Montanism?

Back 25

Montanus 2nd centuryTertullian(c.160-c.220); Originated in Phrygia and Spread to North Africa

Front 26

What is Manichaeism?

Back 26

Similar to Gnosticism with which it was sometimes confusedPostulated a great cosmic conflict between light and darkness, good and evilReligion a matter of releasing inward divinity through acts of asceticismSexual abstinence a requirement

Front 27

Who was the main leader of Manichaeism?

Back 27

Mani (215-277)

Front 28

Who was the most famous follower of Manichaeism?

Back 28

Augustine

Front 29

Where did Manichaeism find its background?

Back 29

Mani brought up in strict Judeo-Christian homeHe was influenced by Persian religions including Gnosticism, Buddhism, ZoroastrismBegan having religious visions at 12, he spoke of a heavenly twin who enlightened himHe became a wandering teacher and philosopher, returning to Persia’s capital with a following in 242Initially had the support of the emperor Sapor I but his successor Bahram I had him arrested, flayed alive and his skin stuffed to deter his followers

Front 30

List the four causes of persecution?

Back 30

Political, Social, Religious, and Economic

Front 31

What were the political issues with early Christianity?

Back 31

Judaism a religio licitia; early Christianity closely associatedWith the breach came suspicion; suspicion confirmed by another sovereign – Jesus ChristChristians disloyal – Christians would not offer incense; held meeting in “secret”Christians would not serve in the military

Front 32

Religious factors in persecution?

Back 32

Rome served a pantheon of deity, Christians only oneSecret meeting brought charges of ethical misconduct – incest (kiss of peace), immorality, cannibalism (eating “body” of Christ)

Front 33

How did social status cause persecution?

Back 33

Christians opposed “classes”, especially slaveryRighteous living brought societal conviction and opposition

Front 34

What part did economics play in persecution?

Back 34

Change of belief brought a change of behavior;e.g. Diana worship of Acts 19:27 curtailedCalamities (famine, war, drought, pestilence) blamed on Christians – they were angering the gods

Front 35

How did persecution progress?

Back 35

Apostolic church – sporadic100-250 sporadic; Christianity banned250-311 “universal,” empire-wide

Front 36

Three fruits of persecution?

Back 36

Expansion, Internal problems, Catalyst for Apologetics

Front 37

Describe the expansion of Christianity?

Back 37

(Tertullian – “the blood of the martyr is the seed of the Church) Asia Minor in ActsBy 200, Christianity spread through entire empireBy 300, 5-15 % of empire “Christians” or 50 – 75 million

Front 38

Two internal problems in the church because of persecution?

Back 38

Negative – What to do with the lapsi (those who recanted) and the traditores (those who surrendered the Scriptures)Positive – What Scriptures were worth dying for? Persecution facilitated preservation & canonization

Front 39

List the Roman emperors during the NT/Apostolic Era?

Back 39

Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD)Tiberius (14-37 AD)Caligula (37-41 AD)Claudius (41-54 AD) Jews expelled from RomeNero (54-68 AD) Peter and PaulDomitian (81-96 AD) John on Patmos / Clement of Rome

Front 40

How did James die?

Back 40

the only one certain Acts 12:2 (Herod Agrippa, 44 AD)

Front 41

How did Peter die?

Back 41

crucified upside down in Rome under Nero

Front 42

How did John die?

Back 42

exiled to Patmos

Front 43

How did Andrew die?

Back 43

possibly reached Scythia, Asia Minor and Greece; crucified at Patras in Achaia (possibly on an X-shaped cross)

Front 44

How did Philip die?

Back 44

crucified in Hierapolis

Front 45

How did Matthew die?

Back 45

death unknown

Front 46

How did Thomas die?

Back 46

martyred in India

Front 47

How did Bartholomew die?

Back 47

martyred in Armenia

Front 48

How did James son of Alpheaus, aka the Less die?

Back 48

death unknown

Front 49

How did Thaddaeus die?

Back 49

death unknown; possibly labored / martyred in Persia

Front 50

How did Simon the zealot die?

Back 50

death unknown; possibly crucifixion

Front 51

How did Paul die?

Back 51

Widespread belief he was beheaded under the Nero’s persecution (Eusebius, Jerome, et al).

Front 52

List the strengths and weaknesses?

Back 52

Weaknesseswritings contain speculation and error, especially in chronologyshows a high regards for the ancient sources, many of which the church library possessed and he quoted in large part in the History, however the sources are often mutilated in some form (misquotation, truncation, or even forged)ValuesA wealth of information on the early church (must be used discerningly) The Ancient Church1st attempt at a comprehensive church history