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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four components of pharmacokinetics?
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Absorption
Distribution Metabolism Elimination |
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Enteral Administration- oral
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Oral- Drugs ability to be absorbed is affected by the environment they pass through, Drugs subject to 1st pass effects
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Eneteral Administration- sublingual
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Drug diffuses into capillary bed under the tongue, bypasses liver metabollism
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Parenteral administration
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Administration of drug by IV, IM or SC injection. Benefit: admister drugs that are poorly absorbed from gut, highly metabolised on 1st pass, or are degraded in gut
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First pass metabolism
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Drugs taken orally enter the hepatic circulation and can be metabolized by the liver before entering systemic circulation.
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Bio-availability
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The amount of drug that enters the system circulation after adminstration. Drugs administered by IV are 100% bioavailable.
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Parenteral administration- IV
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Bypass liver metabolism, rapid effect, high degree of control. Risk of infection.
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Parenteral administration- IM
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absorption is slower than IV. Solution can be aqueous for fast absorption or non aqueous (depot) for slow absorption.
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Parenteral administraiton- SC
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absorption is slower than IV. less risk than with IV
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Inhalation
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rapid delivery due to large surface area in lungs. almost as rapid as IV
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Intranasal
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drugs are absorbed directed into nasal mucosa (steroids, nasal decongestants, etc)
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Intrathecal/intraventricular
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Administration of dug into CSF, (amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis)
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topical
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local effect on skin or eyes
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trandermal
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sustained delivery of drug. Rate depends on drug. usually in the form of a patch.
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rectal
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minimize first past effect (50% of venous drainage of rectum is NOT through portal system...hypogastric vein) Helpful if pt is vomiting, or unconscious
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