Lipids

Front 1

plasma lipids major components

Back 1

1. triglycerides
2. cholesterol*
3. phospjolipids

Front 2

plasma lipids functions

Back 2

1. cell wall synthesis
2. steroid hormone synthesis
3. bile acid synthesis
4. energy source
-insoluble in water; require lipiprotein transport mech

Front 3

lipoprotein

Back 3

-spherical and the inside is made up of a fatty core
-outside has some cholesterol and phospholipids and big proteins that go through the cell membrane -->apolipoproteins:
A- HDL
B- LDL

Front 4

classifications of lipoproteins

Back 4

-chylomicrons: largest and least dense
-Chylomicrons> VLDL > IDL > LDL (mostly cholesterol) > HDL (more proteins) (largest and least dense to smallest and most dense)
-look at chart!

Front 5

HDL

Back 5

-delivers cholesterol back to the liver for repackaging and other things; thus takes it away from the peripheral tissues
-"good cholesterol"

Front 6

Lipids

Back 6

1. risk factor for atherosclerosis
2. reduction assoc. with dec acute coronary syndrome
3. testing is inexpensive and easy to perform
4. levels are used to determine effective therapy

Front 7

Major risk factors (exclusive of LDL) that modify LDL goals

Back 7

1. smoking
2. HTN
3. HDL <40 mg/dL^2
4. FH of premature CHD (male fist degree relative <55 or female first degree relative <65)
5. age (men >45; women >55)

Front 8

Causes of high lipid levels

Back 8

1. primary causes: happens on its own, FH
2 Secondary causes: dietary, meds, medical disorders, DM, alcohol, renal disease,hypothyroidism, diuretics, estrogens, B-blockers, antipsychotics

Front 9

Clinical presentations of hyperlipidemia

Back 9

-many ppl are asymptomatic
-xanthomas
-lipemia retinalis

Front 10

lipid screening guidelines

Back 10

-national cholesterol edu. programs adult tx panel III: men and women >20 yrs old fasting lipid panel every 5 yrs, earlier with other risk factors
-US preventative services task force: panel strongly recommended for men > 35 yrs old, women >45 w/inc risk for CHD; panel recommended for men 20-35 w/inc risk for CHD and women 20-35 w/inc risk for CHD

Front 11

other lipid testing

Back 11

-monitor pts being treated for dyslipidemia syndromes

Front 12

Serum lipid panel

Back 12

1. Total cholesterol
2. triglycerides
3. HDL
4. LDL
5. total cholesterol/HDL ratio
6. LDL/HDL ratio

Front 13

lipid screening protocol

Back 13

-patient condition/prep
1. "healthy"
2. 3 days of regular diet
3. nonpregnant
4. 1st 24 hrs after MI
5. nothing by mouth (except water) for 12-14 hrs for fasting lipid profile
-specimen collection
1. serum in red top tube or SST

Front 14

interpretation of serum lipids

Back 14

-no true reference ranges
-elevated lipids assoc. with CAD
-low total cholesterol: good health, proper diet and/or exercise OR immunodeficiency, severe liver disease, malnutrition
-low HDL: smoking, obesity, sedentary, steroid use, other meds
-western pops > asian pops

Front 15

interpretation:
1. CHD and CHD risk equivalent
2. multiple (2+) risk factors
3. 0-1 risk factor

Back 15

1. goal: <100 mg/l (<70*); > or equal to 100 consider drug therapy
2. < 130; riks factor dependent to consider drug therapy
3. < 160; > or equal to 190 to consider drug therapy

Front 16

total and HDL cholesterol and tirglyceride goals

Back 16

1. total: <200
2. HDL <60
3. < 150 mg/dL

Front 17

TC/HDL ratio

Back 17

<3 low risk
3-9 avg risk
>9 high risk