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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two broad categories of lipids? |
fats and oils |
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What happens to lipids in water? |
they are insoluable, they seperate out |
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Fats serve as a concentrated source of what? |
energy |
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How is fat beneficial to organs and nerves? |
It provides a protective layer |
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Why is oil in skin important? |
It maintains the skin's integrity (keeps it from cracking). |
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Muscles store fat where for needed energy? |
in the muscles |
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Why do we have fat stores? |
To protect against deprivation |
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What does fat do that makes food better to eat? |
It carries the chemicals that make the food taste good. |
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What vitamins are fat soluable and can only be transported with fats? |
A, D, E and K |
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How do fats aide in digestion? |
They slow it down and help us feel fuller longer. |
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What are triglycerides made of? |
a backbone of glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains |
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What are triglycerides composed from? |
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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What is a fatty acid chain made from? |
a chain of carbons with hydrogens attached |
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What are the two ways fatty acids can vary? |
Length of chain, and degree of saturation |
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Which variation of fatty acids can impact health? |
the degree of saturation |
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Define saturation |
the number of double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chain |
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If there are no double bonds in the fatty acid chain, it is called: |
saturated fatty acid |
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In what form will you find most saturated fats? |
solids |
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What is an unsaturated fatty acid? |
the chain will have double bonded carbon (not as much hydrogen) |
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What are the two degrees of unsaturated fats? |
monounsaturated and polyunsaturated |
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Define monounsaturated: |
one double bond in the hydrogen chain |
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How many double bonds does polyunsaturated fatty acids have? |
two or more |
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What is saturated fats completely filled with? |
hydrogen |
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Why are saturated fats solid at room temperature? |
The chains are able to pack together tightly keeping their shape |
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What does essential mean? |
you must eat it, your body can't make it |
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What are the two types of essential fatty acids? |
linoliec EFA's and linolenic EFA's |
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Which essential fatty acids is easy to get in your diet? |
linoliec |
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What is another name for linolenic EFA's |
Omega 3 |
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linolenic EFA's are link to lower risk of what? |
inflimation in the artieries |
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Where do you find DHA and EPA linolenic EFA's |
fatty fish and DHA eggs |
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What does flaxseed, canola oil and walnuts provide? |
ALA linolenic EFA's |
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What happens to polyunsaturated fats when exposed to oxygen? |
the bonds are destroyed and the oil turns rancid |
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How can you keep oils from going bad at home? |
keep them sealed |
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What do producers do to keep oils from going bad? |
Add antioxidents or hydrogenation |
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What vitamins can be added to oils to act as antioxidents? |
A, C and E |
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What is added to oil in the hydrogenation process? |
hydrogen |
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When adding hydrogen to polyunsaturated fats, what can be produced? |
saturated or trans fatty acids |
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Where are most trans fatty acids found? |
man made products |
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Where can you find trans fatty acids in nature? |
milk, dairy, and meat |
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What is the length of a short chain of carbons in a fatty acid? |
6 carbons or fewer |
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What is the length of a long chain of carbons in a fatty acid? |
12 or more |
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What degree of saturation are linoleic and linolenic fatty acids? |
polyunsaturated |
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What is the recommended amount of saturated fats in your diet? |
no more than 20 grams for women and 30 grams for men |
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What is the recommended amount of trans fatty acids in your diet? |
no more than 2 grams for women and 3 grams for men
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If you see partially hydrogenated on a label, what kind of triglyceride is in your food? |
trans fatty acid |
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If you see fully hydrogenated on a label what kind of tryglyceride is in your food? |
no trans fats, but there will be saturated fats |
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What are the three types of lipids? |
triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols |
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Which two lipids are non-essential (made in the body)? |
phospholipids and sterols |
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Which lipid cannot be gotten through diet? |
phospholipids |
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What is the make up of phospholids? |
glycerol backbone, two strands of fatty acid chains, and one chain that contains phosphorous |
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What is the purpose of phospholipids? |
They allow water to pass through the cells membrane. |
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Where do you find phospholipids? |
In the membranes of cells |
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What is the function of sterols? |
to help make bile, part of cell membranes, and part of certain hormones |
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What is the make up of sterols? |
They are made of rings of carbon |
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Where can you find cholestrol? |
in animal products: eggs, meat, dairy, also the liver can make it |
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What happens if you eat too much or too little cholestrol? |
The liver will adjust it's production to make just enough. |
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Since cholesterol is made from rings of carbon, what are the qualities of the substance? |
It is dense, think, and hard
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How does the body distribute fat? |
using lipoproteins |
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What is the purpose of lipoproteins? |
it is the carrier for fat |
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What are the four types of lipoproteins? |
Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL |
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When does chylomicrons form? |
after you eat a meal |
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What is chylomicrons for? |
they deliver fat to cells, any fat not delivered will be returned to the liver
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What happens to the fat that is returned back to the liver? |
It is dived between VLDL, LDL, and HDL |
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What does VLDL stand for? |
Very low density lipoprotein |
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What is VLDL mostly made from? |
high in triglycerides and some protein |
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What is LDL mostly made from? |
high in cholestrol and some protein |
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What is HDL mostly made from? |
lest amount of fat and more protein |
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Does high VLDL affect heart disease? |
it is a slightly higher risk |
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What does LDL stand for? |
low density lipoprotein |
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What is the problem with LDL? |
it can oxidize and stick to the artery walls |
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Does LDL affect risk of heart disease? |
it dramactially increases the risk of heart disease |
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What factors increase LDL? |
overweight, high sat fats and high trans fats |
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What factors increase VLDL? |
overweight and high sucrose intake |
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What does HDL stand for? |
high density lipoprotein |
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Which lipoprotein is referred to as "good" cholesterol? |
HDL |
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What does HDL do? |
it circulates and picks up lipids that are serving no purpose |
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What does the HDL do with the lipids it picks up? |
Takes it back to the liver to use |
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What do we eat that decreased HDL? |
trans fats |
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What do we eat that will increase HDL? |
monounsaturated fats |
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What is the #1 killer in the US? |
heart disease |
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What is the biggest dietary factor that increases the risk of heart disease? |
saturated fats and trans fats |
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Which triglyceride neither raises LDL or HDL? |
polyunsaturated fats |
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What kind of fiber decreases cholestrol? |
soluable fiber |
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Why does vitamin E decrease risk of heart disease? |
it keeps the LDL from oxidizing into the artery walls |
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What is athrosclerosis? |
fatty build up in arteries |
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What three characteristics happen with athrosclerosis? |
plaque formation in arteries, lack of oxygenation (fatigue), elevated blood pressure |
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What are the three risk factors for heart disease that you cannot control? |
family history, gender, age |
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What three risk factors for heart disease are linked? |
high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity |
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What are two risk factors for high blood pressure that are actions we take? |
smoking and lack of exercise |
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What are two risk factors for high blood pressure are in the food we choose to eat? |
cholestrol and saturated/trans fats |
