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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trans configuration
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Increase LDL levels in the body
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Naming FAs
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First # is the # of Carbons, second is the # of double bonds and third is locations of double bonds
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Omega FA naming
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Count from methyl end to the first double bond
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Essential FAs
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Linoleic acid and alpha linolenic and arachidonic acid
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Leukotrienes
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Synthesized from Arachidonic acid via 5-lipoxygenase
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PGG2
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Synthesized from Arachidonic acid via Cyclooxygenase (COX2)
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TXA2
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Synthesized from Arachidonic acid via Cycolooxygenase (COX1)
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COX1
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Found in all tissues
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TXA3
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Found in fish oils and decreases thrombus formation
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Lipoprotein lipase
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Breaks down chylomicrons into FAs which are taken in by tissue; not found in liver or brain
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LPL activation
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Active in adipose after a meal, skeletal/heart active during fasting; activity increased by insulin in adipose tissue
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Triacylglycerol formation
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Phophatase is most important enzyme in formation
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Glycerol kinase
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Found in liver and phophorylates glycerols/FAs to send to tissue for use
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Dihydroxyacetone phophate
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Found in adipose/liver and processes glycerols/FAs for use
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Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL)
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Releases lipids from adipocytes which undergo Beta oxidation in muscles/liver; activated by Epi/Glucagon
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Carnitine Transport System
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Acyl bound to CoA by Acyl CoA Synthase; CPT1 binds Acyl to carnitine; transported across Mt. membrane by Translocase; CPTII binds Acyl to CoA and frees Carnitine
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Acyl CoA DHase
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Breaks down fatty acyl CoA chains to eventually liberate Acyl CoA and a fatty acyl group
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Long FA chain oxidation
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Occur in peroxisomes and break down to octanoly-CoA (8C)
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Zellweger Syndrome
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Defect in peroxisome biogenesis
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X Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
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Ability of VLC FA to cross peroxisome membranes without degradation
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Refsums' disease
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Accumulation of phytanic acid due to deficiency of alpha hydroxylase
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Methylmalonyl aciduria
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Duce to B12 deficiency in converting Propionyl CoA to Succinyl CoA
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HMG CoA synthase
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Synthesizes ketones in Mt.
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Succinyl-CoA transferase
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Metabolizes ketone bodies in tissues
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Ketone formation
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HMG-CoA converted to acetoacetate which can form acetone and Beta hydroxybutyrate
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Medium chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase
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Can be inhibited by Akee fruit or genetic defect; treat with low fat diet and riboflavin
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Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
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Allosterically activated by citrate, inactivated by palymitoyl-CoA; Glucagon/Epi inactivate by phophorylation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
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