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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is English different from its Germanic sisters?
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Norman Invasion (French speaking); Continual invasions by Vikings (Danes)
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Why aren't we speaking Spanish?
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Few people; Spanish mostly interested in resources not colonizing
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When was the Indian Removal Act?
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1829: Policies of relocation and extermination
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What is language?
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System of symbols in which there is an arbitrary relationship between sound/sign and meaning
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What is syntax?
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Complex and meaningful ways of putting symbols together
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What is bilingualism?
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50% of worlds population is bilingual. 10-15% of the US's is.
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What happened in 1975 to bilingual education?
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Lau v. Nichols US Supreme Court requires Bilingual Education be provided.
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What is Prop 227?
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passed in California which requires that all children in Cali public schools be taught English by being taught in English.
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What is Prop 203?
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Requires all education be taught in English. 1- year extensive English immersion program (Arizona)
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What is ESL?
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English as a Second Language: The goal of this method of instruction is to provide the student with English language skills. The student is usually in classes taught in English; ESL classes are taken in addition to the regular course offerings of the school. No attempt to maintain home language.
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What is Transitional Bilingual Education?
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To facilitate the transition from the child's first language to English. Classes are generally taught with bilingual teachers, and in most cases the child is able to take some regular subjects in his/her native language. English is gradually introduced into the classroom, until by some specified grade, all classes are taught in English.
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What is Maintenance Bilingual Education?
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The goal of this method is to help the child maintain his/her native language, while still helping the child learn English. Children become literate in both their native language and in English. Adopted for Native American communities (Navajo, Hawaiian).
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What is a dialect?
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A variety that differs in vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar
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What kind of dialects are there?
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Regional, Social
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What are the 4 major dialect areas in the US?
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Northern, Southern, Midland, and West
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In the 1700s and 1800s, why did Americans prounounce words like farmer without postvocalic "r"?
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It was fashionable
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Prescriptivism
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Arose at the same time as the effort to standardize the language, based on latin grammar, English was seen as an inferior language compared to Latin and Greek, English was expected to conform to Latin rules
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How are English and Latin different?
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Infinitives in Latin are morphological; in English they are periphrastic
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Why is there no correct way to speak?
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Language varies by context, Language changes over time
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Why is there a sense that there is a correct way to speak?
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Existence of a prestige variety of English which we call Standard English
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Descriptivism
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How people do talk
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What are some languages among Native Americans?
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Algonquian, Siouan, Athabaskan, Eskimo-Aleut
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How many languages were spoken before European contact?
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300
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