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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Linguistics
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The scientific study of language.
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Language
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A way of communication composed of discrete units; defined by the 6 Design Features of Language.
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Creativity
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1/6 Design Features of Language:
- Infinite words can be created. - Infinite sentences can be created. - There are certain constraints. (The hipsters instagrammed their coffees; Susan snapped her gum cheerily at a glum swan.) |
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Arbitrariness
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2/6 Design Features of Language:
- The meaning behind a word should be assumed. - Only onomatopoeias are not arbitrary. (The word 'moo' is not arbitrary, 'sofa' is.) |
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Displacement
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3/6 Design Features of Language:
- Users can refer to events in any space or time. (We can talk about what happened a week ago; we can also predict what will happen in a year.) |
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Prevarication
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4/6 Design Features of Language:
- Users can talk nonsense and lie. (We can talk about what's not real or concrete.) |
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Learnability
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5/6 Design Features of Language:
- Users can learn other variants of language. (Native English speakers can learn Spanish. |
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Reflexiveness
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6/6 Design Features of Language:
- Users can use the system to talk about the system. (We can talk about talking.) |
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Universal Grammar
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The unconscious knowledge common to all language.
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Mental Grammar
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The unconscious knowledge of a specific language; the system for combining sounds and words to make new words and sentences.
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Grammatical
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Speech that conforms to the system.
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Ungrammatical
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Speech that does not conform to the system.
(NOT BAD GRAMMAR!) |
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Linguistic Competence
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A person's knowledge of the language they speak.
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Linguistic Performance
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What a person actually says.
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Generality
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1/5 Properties of Grammar:
All languages have a grammar. |
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Universality
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2/5 Properties of Grammar:
All languages are alike in basic ways. |
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Parity
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3/5 Properties of Grammar:
All grammars are equal. |
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Mutability
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4/5 Properties of Grammar:
Grammars change over time. |
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Inacessability
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5/5 Properties of Grammar:
Grammatical knowledge is subconscious. |
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Phonetics
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Articulation & perception of speech sounds.
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Phronology
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Patterning of speech sounds.
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Morphology
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Word formation.
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Syntax
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Sentence formation.
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Semantics
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Interpretation of words & sentences.
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