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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Continuity theory:
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people tend to cope with daily life in later adulthood by applying familiar strategies based on past experience to maintain and preserve both internal and external structures
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How can continuity theory relate to successful aging?
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connects past to present
- if you were always involved in the community before you retired - keep doing it after |
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Too little
Too much and Optimal continuity? |
connects past to present
Too little continuity promotes a feeling that life is too unpredictable Too much continuity promotes boredom Optimal continuity allows for challenges and interest without overwhelming |
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Internal Continuity:
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- remembered inner past, such as temperament
- experiences - emotions - skills |
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External Continuity:
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Environment
relationships roles activities |
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What happens when these are interrupted? Examples?
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Internal: can severely effect mental health, Alzheimer's can erase you past
Environment: If your physical environment becomes way more difficult to navigate. |
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What is the definition of retirement? why so hard to define?
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Retirement does not always mean complete withdrawal from the work environment
- the lines can be blurred - some are crisp - others are gradual - the age of retirement is not set. |
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Bridge job:
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the job one holds between ones exit from the career job and final retirement.
0 increasing number of people do this. - may work casually - may work whenever they want |
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Canada’s Association for the Fifty Plus (CARP)
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A chance to learn about other retirees activities, and about services, insurance's and discounts
People who get together and organize activites - may go on trips - shopping - community helps |
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What stage of Eriksons theory is in late adulthood?
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Integrity vs. Despair
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Integrity vs. Despair
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People try to make sense of their lives
- decide if they are happy with their lives - dealing with getting older. - thinking of death - life review |
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What defines a frail older adult?
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Physical disabilities, very ill, or cognitive /psychological disorders, anxiety & depression
- competence in the environmental press model is declining |
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How many adults are frail?
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Is a minority of adults over 65, but the percentage increases with advancing age
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What are Activities of daily living? (ADLs)
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eating, able to cook, basic hygiene, dressing self, being mobile,
How much help do you need with that? - basic |
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Instrumental activities of daily living? (IADLs)
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complex
- IADLs: Can you balance your account, can you go shopping, rent? Mortgage? - take medicine? |
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What does ADL and IADL have to do with?
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Measuring everyday competence
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How many older adults live in full institutional care in canada?
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7.5%
The vast majority of elderly aged 85 and over continue to live in the community |
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Why are the numbers decreasing?
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The increase in the number of assisted-living facilities for older adults who need help but are not so impaired to require 24-hour care is decreasing the number of older adults in nursing homes
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What are assisted living facilities?
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they tailer a personal approach
- give you a feeling of control. |
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What characterizes a good nursing home?
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High quality of life for residents
Quality of care Safety |
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What is a "person" centered planning" approach?
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This approach promotes residents’ well-being by increasing their feelings of personal control
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What should nursing staff avoid? (2) things
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Nursing home staff should avoid patronizing speech and infantilization (i.e., terms of endearment, etc.)
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Describe the langer and rodin study:
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Nursing homes can be decision-free environments
May be beneficial to give residents some control over the small decisions in their lives Had to groups to study. |
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Induced Responsibility group:
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Residents on one floor of the nursing home (n = 47) were told that they had choices on:
Arrangement of furniture How to spend time Night to watch movie Given a small plant to care for |
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Controlled group
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Residents of a different floor (n = 44) given a different scenario:
Told that nurses would take care of their every need No emphasis on residents’ responsibility or personal control over life Movie night assigned by staff Nurses would care for plants |
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What were the measures?
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Residents’ ratings of their levels of happiness and activity
Nurses’ ratings of residents’ levels of happiness, alertness and social involvement Movie attendance Participation in activities |
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What were the results?
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Happiness
More active Greater movie attendance Greater participation in contests (10 vs. 1) Lower mortality rate at 18 month follow up In the group that had responsibility |
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What are the different categories of elder abuse?
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Physical
Sexual abuse Emotional or psychological abuse Financial or material exploitation Abandonment Neglect |
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Who usually causes the abuse?What is preyed on?
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Abused seniors more like to be living with someone
Abusers most likely to be family members Scams the loneliness, willingness to help, please |
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Why is the prevalence of elder abuse hard to determine?
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inconsistencies in definitions and behaviors
- no recent stats |
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What were the most common types of abuse?
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Financial or material abuse
Verbal abuse Physical |
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When was Canadas first old age pensions act passed? what was it based on?
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1927
Based on income, made to much, didn’t get it |
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What did the act change to in 1952?
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Everyone was eligible
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What happened in 1966. CPP? QPP?
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CPP= canadian pensions plan
QPP= quebec pp - established based on amount contributed - must pay in |
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How are things going in current times?
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Rates increasing, to match economic times
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when were all OAS and CPP benefits extended to same sex, common law couples?
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2000
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The OAS is still available to who?
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people with a certain financial need
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When was canada national medicare program put into place?
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1960s
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What is the aim of the act?
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Aim of act is to ensure that all Canadians have access to necessary hospital and physician services
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What are the five criteria of the Canadian health act?
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Public Administration (non profit)
Comprehensiveness (services provided by hospitals/GP) Universality (all insured residents) Portability (previous prov during waiting period) Accessibility (reasonable access to necessary services) |
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What is clinical death? when is it used?
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Traditionally, people accepted and applied the criteria that now define clinical death: lack of heartbeat and respiration
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What is the new death?
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Brain death
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What is the criteria for brain death?
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Patient unconscious
Unable to breath on own No response to stimuli No response to head movement No blinking to touching cornea No bright light response Unable to maintain own blood pressure, control fluids, body temps Must be able to consider body temp when consciousness was lost, no drugs that could mimic death |
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What is bioethics?
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: the study that combines human values and technological advances
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What is Euthanasia?
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the practice of ending life for reasons of mercy.
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What is the policy in canada?
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Illegal to euthanize in Canada
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What is active euthanasia?
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The deliberate ending of life based on a persons wishes or based on a decision by a person that has legal authority
Involves moral and religious concerns - drug overdoes - disconnecting life support = mercy killing |
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Is the opinion changing?
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In 1992 77% favoured voluntary euthanasia compared to 45% in 1968
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Physician Assisted suicide
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become an increasingly controversial issue, and prohibited by Canada
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Passive Euthanasia:
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allowing a person to die by withholding available treatment
Survey in England, showed that dementia patients should not receive treatments when critically ill - Most cases of passive euthanasia end in court - not offering food or treatment |
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Who made up the theory of death stages? how
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Kubler- Ross
Interviewed terminally ill patients to see that they are going through - May not be linear, people do go through most of these stages |
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Kubler- Ross Stage Theory (5)
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Denial: im going to get a second
Anger: I hate the world. Why me Bargaining: if you let me live…. Depression: heading face on Acceptance: trying to find peace |
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How can one reduce death anxiety?
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Write one’s own obituary, planning ones own funeral
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What are end of life issues?
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management of the final phases of life, after death disposition of their body and memorial services and distribution of assets.
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What kind of information do hospitals provide about advance directives?
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Power of attorney
living wills DNR |
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Power of attorney:
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varies from province to province, or even hospital. Legal and binding. You can assign this person. And that person can speak for you.
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The Hospice option:
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Alternative to hospital when no treatment or cure possible
The family and the patient viewed as a unit Assists with pain management and death with dignity Emphasizes quality of life (reduces anxiety /depression) Primary goal is comfort, peaceful surroundings; not the delay of inevitable death Inpatient or outpatient basis |
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What are the 4 major risk factors of grief?
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Mode of death
Anticipated death the strength of attachment Lack of social support and kinship |
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Mode of death
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who , how
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Anticipated death:
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: you know they are going to die. Usually doesn't help. The actual blow can be so much stronger
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The strength of attachment:
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they may fare better if big attachment. But in estranged you may be mo guilty
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Lack of social support and kinship:
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need someone to go to
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What is the dual process model of coping with grief?
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1. Loss- oriented stressors
2. Restoration- oriented stressors Oscillate back and forth, have good and bad days |
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Loss-oriented stressors
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Dealing with the loss, here and now
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Restoration-oriented stressors
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How will I adapt to this now? How will I pack the clothes. How do I have a future
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What four things must you do to get over grief?
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Acknowledge reality of the loss
Work through the emotional turmoil Adjust to the environment Loosen the ties to the deceased |
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What mistakes must we avoid during the grief process?
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Grief is an individual process
Do not underestimate the length of time One year is needed, but 2 years may be required |
