Lifespan Development

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Jean Piaget

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Began observing his own kids-interested in thought processes and changes in fundamental ways throughout development

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Jean Piaget and cognitive development

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Believed we changed thought due to demands of our environment. (Learned behavior)

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Scheme/Schema

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mental representation of a concept: this is what we change in response to the environment

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Assimilation

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When we encounter new information we handle the info by fitting it into an already existing scheme. Example: Baby putting everything in his mouth because that is all he knows. (Hint: Same Schema)

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Accomidation

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A change in an existing scheme or creating a new one. Example: a camel is not a horse, but a bumpy horse. (hint: Changing/Creating new schema)

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4 Stages of Cognitive Development

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1.Sensory Motor Stage
2.Preoperational
3.Concrete operations
4.Formal Operations

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Sensory Motor Stage

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Birth to 2 years:
Infants use senses and motor actions to explore and understand the world.

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Milestones of Sensory Motor Stage Birth-1 year

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No thought/no schemes(Reflexes)
Schemes
Full Blown Thought

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1st Sensory Motor Substage
(birth-1month)

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Exercising and refining reflexes

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2nd Sensory Motor Substage
Primary Circular Reaction
(1-4months)

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Repitition of an interesting activity The activity is centered on the body (ex.baby sucking thumb)

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3rd Sensory Motor Substage
Secondary Circular Reaction
(4-8 months)

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Repetition of an interesting activity centered on object outside of body (ex. Passifier)

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When is self-agency developed, and what is it?

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self agency is the understanding that they can make changes in the outer world
Occurs during 3rd sensory motor stage, Secondary Circular Reaction (4-8 months)

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4th Substage of Sensory Motor
Coordination of Secondary Schemes (8-12 months)

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Engage in scheme with a purpose of obtaning 2nd scheme
-Removing barier to get toy
-Use 1 object to obtain another toy

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5th Substage of Sensory Motor
Teritiary Circular Reaction
12-18 months

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Intentional varitation of an intersting activity
"Little Scientists" in this stage

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18-24 months
6th substage of sensory motor
Beginning of thought

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Invention of New means
Inventing new solutions to problem
will get the toy with 1 try
Think without action

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Object Permanenace
(Child has full blown thought when he understands this)

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Understanding an object will continue to exist when it is no longer in sight.

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List all stages of Sensory Motor:

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Sensory Motor
-birth-1month(refine refelx)
-Primary Circular1-4month)
-Secondary Circular 4-8month
-Coordination of Secon. Scheme 8-12month
-Tertiary Circular Reaction 12-18month
Beginning Thought 18-24month
Object Permanence

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Preoperational Stage
2-7 years of age

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Preschoolers use their capacity for symbolic thought in developng language, engaging in pretend play, and solving problems. But their thinking is not yet logical; they are egocentric (unable to take others' perspectives) and easily fooled by perceptions.

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artificialialism

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belief that natural phenomenon are man made
(occurs in preoperational stage)

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animism

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attribute life and or human characteristics to inaminate objects
(magical thinking with adults)

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Concrete Operational Stage 7-11 years

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School aged children acquire logical operations that allow them to mentally classify and act on concrete objects in their heads. They can solve practical real world problems through a trial and error approach.

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Decentration

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Think of multiple aspects of an object (Ex. two liquids in same jars, pour one into large jar, one into small jar, which one has more?)

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Seriation

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Mentally put things in a serial order. Example Mentally put different lines inorder

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Tranitivity

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Having multiple realtinships at the same time, Ex. If A is greater than B and B is greater than C then A has to be greater than C.

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Preoperational Stage Limitations (2-7 years)

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Centration: inability of child to consider more than 1 feature or dimension of an object or an event at one time.

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What governs how much you can think at one time?

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myelination

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Tasks that children will get incorrect during properational stage (2-7 years)

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Tasks that measure conservation
Liquid quantity
numbers

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Conservation

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understanding that when you make suerficial modificatons to an object, certain underlying properties remain unchanged.

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Formal Operations
11years or later

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can think about abstract concepts and purely hypothetical possibllties and can trace the long range consequences of possible actons.

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Concrete:

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when soemthing goes agianst laws of nature they can't understand only when it is possible

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Formal:

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They can think logically whether it is real or not real

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Hypothetic deductivereasoning

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thinking like a scientist systimatically create and test hypothesis
Only done once you hit puberty