Life-Span Development Ch.4

Front 1

germinal period

Back 1

0-2 weeks of prenatal development

characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation

Front 2

embryonic period

Back 2

3-8 weeks of prenatal development

Basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs, develop

Front 3

fetal period

Back 3

9 weeks to birth

fetus gains 7 pounds and organs become more mature and gradually able to function on their own

Front 4

implantation

Back 4

principle task of germinal period

begins about 10 days after conception, "embryo" burrows into placenta, attaining nutrients and initiating hormonal changes to prevent menstrual cycle

Front 5

embryo

Back 5

developing human organism from 3-8 weeks after conception

Front 6

primitive streak

Back 6

at beginning of embryonic period, this fold develops down the middle of embryonic disc. It eventually develops into the central nervous system, brain, and spinal column

Front 7

fetus

Back 7

name for developing human from 9 weeks to birth

Front 8

cephalocaudal and proximodistal

Back 8

types of embryonic growth

Front 9

2 months

Back 9

most body parts, except sex organs, are forming in the first []

Front 10

umbilical cord vessels

Back 10

2 blood vessels for removing waste, one for bringing nutrients

Front 11

4th week

Back 11

Heart beat and face development begins during what week?

Front 12

age of viability

Back 12

the age at which a fetus may survive outside the mother's uterus if specialized medical care is available (22 weeks)

Front 13

3rd month

Back 13

muscle develops
cartilage begins changing to bone
all major organs take their true shape
sex organs take discernible shape

at the end, fetus doing most newborn functions (thumb sucking, urinating)

Front 14

2nd trimester (4-6 months)

Back 14

hair development
development of brain

Front 15

surfactant

Back 15

chemical doctors give to premature babies to make their lungs expand

Front 16

3rd trimester (7-9 months)

Back 16

lungs and heart increasingly capable
sleep/wake brain pattern
gain 4.5lbs and 6"

Front 17

Apgar Scale

Back 17

quick assessment of newborn health at one and five minutes after birth. each category is scored 0-2

Appearance (body color)
Pulse
Grimace (reflex)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration (breathing)

Front 18

cesarean section

Back 18

surgical birth in which incisions through the mother's abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly

Front 19

Newborn averages

Back 19

7.5 lbs
20-21 inches
7 or > on Apgar

Front 20

Low birthweight and causes

Back 20

<5.5 lbs

Causes:
1. multiple births
2. malnutrition
3. prenatal infections
4. genetic handicaps
5. teratogens

Front 21

Pre-term birth

Back 21

<35 weeks

Front 22

Stressful births

Back 22

Anoxia, c-section

Front 23

teratology

Back 23

study of substances and conditions that increase the risk of prenatal abnormalities

Front 24

teratogens

Back 24

agents and conditions that can impair prenatal development and result in birth defects or even death

Front 25

behavioral teratogens

Back 25

agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child's intellectual and emotional functioning

Front 26

threshold effect

Back 26

a situation in which a certain teratogen is relatively harmless in small doses but becomes harmful once exposure reaches a certain level

Front 27

Rubella (German measles)

Back 27

causes blindness, deafness, heart abnormalities, brain damage

Front 28

toxoplasmosis

Back 28

caused by parasite commonly present in undercooked meat and cat feces

causes blindness, brain damage, retardation

Front 29

Eclampsia

Back 29

disease that arises when mother has difficulty removing fetal waste

pre-eclampsia: huge ankle-swelling, high blood pressure, headache, visual problems in mother. Treated with rest and diet.

May induce labor pre-maturely to prevent brain damage/death in mother

Front 30

AIDS

Back 30

if baby is exposed, illness and death are likely during childhood

prenatal drugs and c-sections make transmission rare

Front 31

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Back 31

alcohol in maternal bloodstream reduces oxygen flow to fetus

small head, abnormal facial features, abnormal skeletal structure, brain damage

Front 32

cigarettes

Back 32

low birth weight, premature birth

constricts blood vessels, reducing oxygen flow to fetus

Front 33

heroin and methadone

Back 33

makes baby twice as likely to die within 2 days due to breathing problem

baby born addicted, hard to soothe, low birth weight, agitation, slow growth, premature birth, jaundice

Front 34

marijuana

Back 34

heavy exposure may affect CNS
may hinder fetal growth

Front 35

cocaine

Back 35

may cause slow fetal growth, premature labor, and learning problems

Front 36

thalidomide

Back 36

sold OTC as sedative/anti-nausea for pregnant women

stops new blood vessels from forming, results in misshapen or missing limbs, cleft palate, heart defects, lung defects, etc

Front 37

DES (diethylstilbestrol)

Back 37

prescribed 1945-1970 to prevent miscarriages

daughters of mothers who took this had increased vaginal cancer, uterus malformation resulting in low birthweight, miscarriage, etc

sons had increased testicular cancer and genital abnormalities

Front 38

radiation

Back 38

results in lbw, miscarriage, sterility

Front 39

Pollution (lead,mercury,PCBs)

Back 39

Mothers who ate contaminated fish had children with brain abnormalities

Front 40

agent orange

Back 40

linked to birth father, causes various defects

Front 41

cerebral palsy

Back 41

disorder that results from damage to the brain's motor centers. People with this have difficulty with muscle control, so their speech and/or body movements are impaired

Front 42

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Back 42

test administered to newborns that measures responsiveness and records 46 behaviors, including 20 reflexes

Front 43

reflex

Back 43

an unlearned, involuntary action or movement that responds to a stimulus

Front 44

Reflexes that maintain oxygen supply

Back 44

breathing reflex, hiccups, sneezes, thrashing

Front 45

Reflexes that maintain body temp

Back 45

cry, shiver, tuck in legs when cold

push away blankets when warm

Front 46

Reflexes that manage feeding

Back 46

sucking reflex, rooting, swallowing, crying when stomach is empty, spitting up when swallowing too quickly

Front 47

Babinski reflex

Back 47

when feet are stroked, toes fan upward

Front 48

Stepping reflex

Back 48

when newborn is held upright, feet touching flat surface, they move legs as if to walk

Front 49

Swimming reflex

Back 49

when horizontal on stomach, newborns stretch out arms and legs

Front 50

Palmar grasping reflex

Back 50

newborns grip tightly whatever touches their palms

Front 51

Moro reflex

Back 51

at loud noise, baby flings arms outward and then brings them together on their chests, crying with wide eyes

Front 52

couvade

Back 52

symptoms of pregnancy and birth experienced by fathers

Front 53

parental alliance

Back 53

cooperation between a mother and a father based on their mutual commitment to their children. In a parental alliance, the parents support each other in their shared parental roles

Front 54

postpartum depression

Back 54

a new mother's feelings of inadequacy or sadness in the days and weeks after giving birth

Front 55

kangaroo care

Back 55

a form of newborn care in which mothers rest the baby between their breasts