Lesson 1A - Genetics And Immunology For Blood Banking

Front 1

Law of Segregation (First Law)

Back 1

States that every individual organism contains two alleles for each trait, that this a little segregate during mitosis, such that each gamete contains only one of the alleles

Front 2

Law of Independent Assortment (2nd Law)

Back 2

States that alleles for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring

Front 3

Law of Dominance (3rd Law)

Back 3

States that recessive alleles will always be masked by dominant alleles

Front 4

Genetics

Back 4

Plays a crucial role in determining blood group expressions

Front 5

Mendellian Principles

Back 5

Blood groups are inherited in following?

Front 6

dsDNA

Back 6

Genetic information is carried on ______ organized into chromosomes

Front 7

23 pairs

Back 7

How many pairs or chromosomes does human have?

Front 8

22 autosomes

1 pair pf sex chromosome

Back 8

The 23 pairs pf chromosomes are composed of?

Front 9

Genes

Back 9

Units that codes for various expressions of inherited genetic information

Front 10

Loci

Back 10

Genes are found in specific locations on chromosomes called?

Front 11

Allele

Back 11

At each locus there can be multiple forms of genes knows as?

Front 12

Allele combination

Back 12

Determines an individual’s blood group expression

Front 13

Phenotype

Back 13

Refers to the physical manifestation or product of the genes

Front 14

Genotype

Back 14

Refers to genes; they usually come in pairs

Front 15

Homozygous

Back 15

Occurs when genes assume a single form; two copies of same alleles

Front 16

Heterozygous

Back 16

Occurs when inherited genes have different forms; different allele

Front 17

Amorph

Back 17

Genes with no visible product or physical manifestations

Front 18

Codominant

Back 18

Genes that are both expressed simultaneously: both genes have products or physical manifestations

Front 19

Kell Blood Group

Back 19

K gene or k gene can be inherited at the K system locus

Front 20

KK, Kk, kk

Back 20

What are the possible genotype combinations of Kell blood group based on parental allele inheritance

Front 21

Rh

Duffy

Back 21

Chromosome 1

Front 22

MNSs

Back 22

Chromosome 4

Front 23

Chido

Rogers

Back 23

Chromosome 6

Front 24

ABO

Back 24

Chromosome 9

Front 25

Kidd

Back 25

Chromosome 18

Front 26

Lewis

Secretor

Lutheran

H

Back 26

Chromosome 19

Front 27

XG

XK

XS

Back 27

Chromosome X

Front 28

Immunology

Back 28

Both the study of human immune system and the field that treats diseases of the immune system

Front 29

Immunity

Back 29

A process by which a host organism protects itself from attacks by external and internal agents

Front 30

Immunoglobulins

Back 30

Complex protein produced by plasma cells with specificity to Ag that stimulates their production

Front 31

Ig

Back 31

Classified according to the molecular structure of their heavy chains: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD

Front 32

IgG

IgM

IgA

Back 32

The most significant immunoglobulins encountered in blood bank

Front 33

37 deg C

Back 33

IgG reacts at?

Front 34

22 deg C

Back 34

IgM reacts at?

Front 35

Polyclonal AB

Back 35

Antibodies produced in response to a single antigen with more than one epitope

Front 36

Polyclonal AB

Back 36

Vary in antibody concentration from person to person and animal to animal

Front 37

Polyclonal AB

Back 37

Not specific

Front 38

Monoclonal AB

Back 38

Isolated individual B cells from a polyclonal population and propagating them in cell culture with hybridoma

Front 39

Monoclonal AB

Back 39

Contains Ab from a single type of B cell

Front 40

Monoclonal AB

Back 40

Highly specific, well characterized and uniformly reactive

Front 41

Alloantibodies

Back 41

Produced after exposure to genetically different non-self RBC after antigen transfusion

Front 42

Alloantibodies

Back 42

Not present in the recipient

Front 43

Alloantibodies

Back 43

Positive in DAT (autocontrol)

Front 44

Autoantibodies

Back 44

Produced in response to self antigen

Front 45

Autoantibodies

Back 45

React at different temperatures (cold or warm)

Front 46

Autoantibodies

Back 46

Can be removed by special adsorption and elution technique

Front 47

Affinity

Avidity

Specificity

Back 47

What are the antibody properties?

Front 48

Polyclonal AB / Monoclonal AB

Naturally Occurring / Immune antibodies

Alloantibodies / Autoantibodies

Back 48

What are the characteristics of blood group antibodies?

Front 49

Naturally Occurring

Back 49

Antibodies found in the serum of individuals who have never been previously exposed to RBC antigens

Front 50

Naturally Occurring

Back 50

Probably produced in response to substances in the environment that resembles RBC antigens

Front 51

IgM cold Agglutinin

ABH, Hh, Ii, MN, P blood group system

Back 51

What are the examples of Naturally Occurring antibodies?

Front 52

Immune Antibodies

Back 52

Found in the serum of an individual who has been exposed to certain antigens

Front 53

Immune Antibodies

Back 53

They are IgG antibodies

Front 54

Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and Ss blood group system

Back 54

What are the examples of Immune Antibodies?

Front 55

Affinity

Back 55

Strength of a single Ag-Ab bond produced by the summation of attractive and repulsive forces

Front 56

Avidity

Back 56

Binding strength of a multivalent antigen with antisera produced on an immunized individual

Front 57

Hormones

Age

Nutritional status

Gender

Physical activity level

Occurrence of disease or Injury

Race

Environmental exposure

Sex

Back 57

What are the host factors?

Front 58

Citrate

Back 58

Chelates calcium and prevents clotting

Front 59

Monobasic sodium phosphate

Back 59

Maintains pH during storage; necessary for maintenance

Front 60

Dextrose

Back 60

Substrate for ATP production

Front 61

Adenine

Back 61

Production of ATP