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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a genome?
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The cells genetic information; mainly composed of DNA except for RNA viruses where the genome is RNA.
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Thread like structures within cells that contains DNA and associated proteins
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Chromosomes
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What is a gene?
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A segment of DNA that codes for a specific function.
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What is central dogma of genetics?
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DNA is transcribed to RNA which is then translated to form DNA.
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What are two exceptions to central dogma?
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H.I.V has an enzyme called reverse transcriptase
Hepatitis B = retrovirus |
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What is transcription?
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When DNA is copied to RNA
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What is translation?
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When RNA is used to synthesize polypeptides
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DNA is made of?
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Deoxyribose nucleotides form the backbone and are linked through their sugars and phosphates to form the two backbones
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What are the four base pairs of DNA?
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Guanine- cytosine
Thymine- adenine |
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What are the four base pairs of RNA?
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Guanine - cytosine
Uracil- adenine |
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What is RNA made of?
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Pentose sugar like DNA but ribose instead of deoxyribose plus phosphate
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Is it the number or sequence of DNA that matters?
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It's the sequence
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Why hydrogen bonds?
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Though they are weak the sheer number of bonds provide stability to the structure. It also makes it easier to unzip.
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What are the steps for DNA replication?
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1. Unwinding: hydrogen bond breaks
2. Complimentary base pairing 3. Bond formation |
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Why do we say replication is semi-conservative?
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Because each daughter cell received one original strand
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This enzyme unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds
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Helicase
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What is the role of primase?
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This enzyme synthesizes a short RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA strand.
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This enzyme alleviates the tension in the separated strands by cutting it.
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Gyrase
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This enzyme seals the gaps between the Okazaki fragments
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Ligase
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Polymerase I
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Replaces the RNA primer with DNA
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What are the benefits of methylation?
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1. Control of genetic expression
2. Initiation of DNA replication 3. Protection against viral infection 4. Repair of DNA |
