Lecture Exam 2

Front 1

2 surviving lophophorate phyla

Back 1

Brachiopoda,

Ectoprocta

Front 2

What does the name of the phylum Ectoprocta suggest about it's anatomy?

Back 2

anus on ectoderm

Front 3

A species of Ectoprocta?

Back 3

Pectinatella magnifica

Front 4

Phylum ectoprocta also known as?

Back 4

Bryozoa

Front 5

Brachiopoda; where found

Back 5

mostly benthic marine

Front 6

Distinguishing features of brachiopods?

Back 6

Pedicle and shell; no true bivalves have pedicle

Front 7

How far back in time does the phylum Mollusca go? What are the classes?

Back 7

Cambrian period;

Polyplacophora

Scaphopoda

Gastropoda

Cephalopoda

Bivalvia

Front 8

Polyplacophora

Back 8

Class in Mollusca

Chitons; 8 plates

Front 9

Scaphopoda

Back 9

Class in Mollusca

Tusk shells- just need to know by sight

Front 10

Gastropoda

Back 10

Class in Mollusca

Front 11

Torsion (Gastropoda)

Back 11

Twisting of GI system and rest of visceral mass, including anus, towards head of animal

Front 12

Prosobranch

Back 12

Full torsion; anus and mantle in anterior position

Front 13

Opistobranch

Back 13

Complete detorsion; anus has moved from anterior to posterior side of animal

Front 14

Purpose of holes in shells of prosobranch

Back 14

To prevent fowling in mouth; water current cleans out area

Front 15

Nudibranch

Back 15

"naked gills"

Anterially positioned cerata

Front 16

cerata

Back 16

Typically contain cnidocytes from harvested Cnidarians; for defense

Front 17

All living body plans of gastropods evolved from which body plan?

Back 17

Prosobranch

Front 18

Which time period had the most phyla?

Back 18

Cambrian

Front 19

Which body plan did the pulmonates evolve from?

Back 19

Prosobranchs

Front 20

What body plan do pulmonate gastropods have?

Back 20

Partial torsion

Front 21

Terrestrial Pulmonates use _______ _______ as a lung. Air enters this through a hole called _________.

Back 21

Mantle cavity; pneumostome

Front 22

Freshwater pulmonates have secondarily evolved __________.

Back 22

Gills

Front 23

In the class bivalvia, what is the function of the mantle?

Back 23

Modification for siphons, respiration, and shell formation

Front 24

A few organisms in Cephalopoda Jay wanted us to know?

Back 24

Pacific giant octopus, giant squid (Architeuthis), colossal squid, nautilus, cuttlefish

Front 25

Important anatomical feature of Nautilus we need to know?

Back 25

Siphuncle

Front 26

What is the siphuncle's function in a nautilus?

Back 26

Intestinal tissue which secretes and absorbs gases into chambers which allow the nautilus to go up/down in water.

Front 27

Important thing to note about the cuttlefish

Back 27

Has a vestigal shell

Front 28

Lung worm phyla and life cycle

Back 28

Nematoda

Eggs > intestine> pooped out > deer eat larvae > intestine > bloodstream > lung > reproductive adult > beginning

When deer cough, larvae are swallowed and pooped to be picked up by other deer

Front 29

Ascaris life cycle; part 1

Back 29

eggs deposited in feces > picked up by another host > hatch in small intestine > burrow through intestinal lining to bloodstream > enter right atrium > right ventrical > pulmonary arteries to lungs

Front 30

Ascaris life cycle; part 2

Back 30

Larvae leave lungs via bronchi and trachea > coughed up and swallowed > mature in small intestine

Front 31

Trichinella mode of transmission

Back 31

Ingestion

Front 32

Trichinella life cycle

Back 32

Larvae liberated from cyst in stomach > migrate to small intestine where they mature as dioecious adults

Front 33

Female Trichinella release ______ larvae

Back 33

Oviviviperous

Front 34

Trichinella larvae get to the muscle how?

Back 34

Penetrate intestinal lining > migrate via bloodstream > reach striated muscle

Front 35

Zooparasites Jay wants us to know with intermediate hosts

Back 35

Wuchereria bancrofti (elephantiasis)

Loa loa (africal eyeworm)

Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm)

Front 36

What organism is a vector for Wuchereria bancrofti. How has wuchereria larvae adapted with its environment to optimize transmission?

Back 36

Mosquito; microfilarial larvae can fit in capillaries which enables them to move around body to the skin at appropriate time of day for mosquitos- called larval migrans

Front 37

What tissue can get clogged up from Wuchereria larvae?

Back 37

Lymph

Front 38

Vector for Loa loa?

Back 38

Deer fly

Front 39

Guinea worm vector?

Back 39

Copepods

Front 40

Nematomorpha intermediate host?

Back 40

Orthopterans

Front 41

Largest animal phylum?

Back 41

Arthropoda; over 1 million species

Front 42

Largest arthropod taxon?

Back 42

Insecta

Front 43

Arthropoda distinguishing features?

Back 43

Jointed appendages and exoskeletons

Front 44

Exoskeleton of arthropods is composed of what?

Back 44

Chitin with or without calcium carbonate

Front 45

Subphyla in arthropoda?

Back 45

Trilobita

Chelicerata

Crustacea

Myriapoda

Hexapoda

Front 46

Trilobita

Back 46

3 lobed body

Extinct at end of Permian extinction

Front 47

Chelicerata classes

Back 47

Merostomata (horseshoe crabs)

Arachnida

Front 48

Merostomata

Back 48

Horseshoe crabs; 5 species

Marine invertebrates, feed nocturnally

Found in Gulf of Mexico and S. Atlantic

Front 49

Welfare factor

Back 49

Parasite that doesn't harm host much by itself but leaves it susceptible to secondary infection

Front 50

Orders of arachnida?

Back 50

Araneae- spiders

Opiliones- harvestmen

Scorpiones

Acari- ticks, mites, chiggers

Front 51

Arachnida

Back 51

mostly freeliving or parasitic

8 walking legs

Front 52

Tagmata of arachnids

Back 52

cephalothorax and abdomen

Front 53

Order Araneae

Back 53

Spiders

Terminal fangs as chelicerae

Liquefy prey with enzymes

Front 54

Araneae have what to help them see

Back 54

8 ocelli; some species can form images

Front 55

What protein allows Araneae to build webs

Back 55

scleroprotein

Front 56

Order opiliones

Back 56

Harvestmen (aka daddy long legs)

Chelate chelicerae

Only 2 simple eyes

Omnivorous

No poison or silk glands

Abdomen and cephalothorax broadly joined

Front 57

Order Scorpiones

Back 57

Chelate pedipalps with terminal stinger

Carnivores

Powerful sting to immobilize prey & defense

Front 58

Order acari

Back 58

Ticks mites and chiggers

fused tagmata

many serve as vectors

Front 59

acari are what type of parasite?

Back 59

Ectoparasite

Front 60

What are members of the order acari vectors for?

Back 60

Lymes disease and Rocky Mtn fever (bacterial and transmitted by ticks)

Mange, skin disease caused by burrowing mites

Front 61

What is the exoskeleton of crustaceans composed of

Back 61

chitin and CaCO3

Front 62

Crustacea appendages

Back 62

mandibles, 4 antennae, some biramous appendages

Front 63

Most zooplankton are members of what subphylum?

Back 63

Crustacea

Front 64

class Branchiopoda

Back 64

"gill foot"

Fairy shrimp, clam shrimp, many zooplankton

Front 65

Class maxillopoda

Back 65

Copepods and barnacles; 3/4 of all crustaceans

Front 66

Order Isopoda

Back 66

Dorso-ventral compression; pillbug

Front 67

Order amphipoda

Back 67

Laterally compressed; sand fleas and scuds

Front 68

Order Decapoda

Back 68

5 pairs of walking legs

true shrimp, crabs, lobsters, crayfish