Micro Lecture Ch 7

Front 1

This catalyzes the synthesis of DNA by addition of new nucleotides only to the hydroxyl group at the 3 Prime end of nucleic acid.

Back 1

Polymerase.

Front 2

In which direction do all DNA polymerase replicate DNA by adding nucleotides?

Back 2

5 Prime to 3 Prime.

Front 3

In which direction does the leading strand synthesize?

Back 3

5 Prime to 3 Prime.

Front 4

The lagging strand also synthesizes from 5 Prime to 3 Prime, but in what?

Back 4

Shorter segments that are later joined.

Front 5

Deoxyribose and ribose are what?

Back 5

Pentose sugars/Nucleosides

Front 6

How many hydrogen bonds are used when thymine and adenine bond together?

Back 6

Two hydrogen bonds.

Front 7

How many hydrogen bonds are used when guanine and cytosine bind together?

Back 7

Three hydrogen bonds.

Front 8

Which type of atoms of deoxyribose are labeled 1 Prime to 5 Prime?

Back 8

Carbon atoms.

Front 9

The ___ Prime end, terminates in the phosphate group attached to the ___ Prime carbon.

Back 9

5

Front 10

The __ Prime end terminates with a hydroxyl group bound to a __ Prime carbon.

Back 10

3

Front 11

These molecules are tucked-in away from H2O.

Back 11

Hydrophobic molecules.

Front 12

These molecules are located on the outside closer to H2O.

Back 12

Hydrophilic molecules.

Front 13

This type of cell has only one copy of chromosome.

Back 13

A haploid cell.

Front 14

This type of cell has at least two copies of a chromosome.

Back 14

A diploid cell.

Front 15

Small molecules of DNA that replicate independently of chromosomes and can pass traits that are not necessary for metabolism, growth or reproduction, of a cell, are called what?

Back 15

Plasmids.

Front 16

What three types of RNA are produced by transcription?

Back 16

tRNA, mRNA, rRNA

Front 17

What type of RNA do ribosomes contain?

Back 17

rRNA

Front 18

What type of RNA can be translated into protein?

Back 18

mRNA

Front 19

What are the three phases of transcription?

Back 19

Initiation, elongation and termination.

Front 20

mRNA is produced by?

Back 20

RNA Polymerase.

Front 21

What type of RNA brings amino acids to ribosomes?

Back 21

tRNA

Front 22

What is the initial target of the RNA polymerase?

Back 22

The promoter.

Front 23

What is RNA polymerase guided by?

Back 23

The template strand of DNA..

Front 24

What is formed from RNA that has hydrogen bonded to itself?

Back 24

A stem loop.

Front 25

In order to increase the concentration of a particular polypeptide in a Cell, you must also increase the level of what?

Back 25

Transcription.

Front 26

During elongation, RNA synthesizes in what direction?

Back 26

5 Prime to 3 Prime.

Front 27

In eukaryotic structures, these two organelles can also contain chromosomes that resemble prokaryotic chromosomes.

Back 27

Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Front 28

Negative charged DNA wraps around positive charged histones in eukaryotic cells. What is formed from this?

Back 28

Nucleosomes.

Front 29

What is the product of semiconservative double-stranded DNA?

Back 29

Two double-stranded DNA molecules consisting of one parental strand and one daughter strand.

Front 30

What is the function of Parental DNA?

Back 30

It is the template for DNA replication.

Front 31

Why is DNA replication essential?

Back 31

DNA must be copied to pass genetic information to offspring.

Front 32

DNA polymerase can only add bases to the __ Prime end of nucleic acid.

Back 32

3

Front 33

What enzyme do cells use to synthesize a short piece of RNA called an RNA primer, which provides the 3 Prime end for polymerase to add.

Back 33

Primase.

Front 34

DNA polymerase catalyzes addition of bases using what?

Back 34

Nucleotide triphosphates.

Front 35

Define translation.

Back 35

Translation is information in a molecule of messenger RNA used to synthesize a protein.

Front 36

Ribosomes read messenger RNA molecules transmitting genetic code into _______ ________ sequence of protein.

Back 36

Amino acid.

Front 37

True or False: Because there are no nuclei in bacteria, translation can begin before transcription is complete.

Back 37

True.

Front 38

This is the result of translation and also what our genes are expressed in.

Back 38

Proteins.