1) Centrioles are a paired feature of animal mitotic spindles that protrude away from the centrisome of cells and are primarily tasked with the creation of microtubules. The microtubules give way to mitotic spindles, which play a vital role in both mitosis and cytokinesis as they give cilia and flagellum the ability to generate motion and they ensure both newly formed cells contain paired centrioles during the later stages of cell division. Kinetochores are protein structures that produce chromosomal movement through the attachment of chromatids to spindle fibres and aid in cell division. Paired chromatids attach to two different kinetochores (I and II) which then connect to spindle poles via the spindle microtubules and pull in opposite directions (Nelson Education, figure 9.8, page 186). In other words, centrioles create microtubules from the centrisome that will become mitotic spindles; these spindles will become attached to chromosomes via kinetochores to produce movement during the cell cycle.
2) The cell plate and cleavage furrow describe the two different processes involved in cytokinesis (the division of cytoplasm). In animal cells, furrowing begins when the midpoint between the spindle fibres forms an …show more content…
Replication is sequenced by DNA polymerase which requires an RNA primer and DNA template to start forming a new DNA chain. DNA polymerase can only act on the ‘3 end of an unravelling DNA strand, called the leading strand, while the other strand being synthesized is called the lagging strand. The RNA primer initiates the new DNA synthesis by providing a starting site for DNA polymerase to initiate its process. DNA then separates into two strands where it can be replicated into two new chains of DNA. An RNA primer is required because DNA polymerase can’t attach and begin its sequence to nucleotides fully paired as there is no site to
2) The cell plate and cleavage furrow describe the two different processes involved in cytokinesis (the division of cytoplasm). In animal cells, furrowing begins when the midpoint between the spindle fibres forms an …show more content…
Replication is sequenced by DNA polymerase which requires an RNA primer and DNA template to start forming a new DNA chain. DNA polymerase can only act on the ‘3 end of an unravelling DNA strand, called the leading strand, while the other strand being synthesized is called the lagging strand. The RNA primer initiates the new DNA synthesis by providing a starting site for DNA polymerase to initiate its process. DNA then separates into two strands where it can be replicated into two new chains of DNA. An RNA primer is required because DNA polymerase can’t attach and begin its sequence to nucleotides fully paired as there is no site to