Lecture 4

Front 1

How many types of tissues are there?

Back 1

4 different types

Front 2

What are the different names for epithelium?

Back 2

Simple squamous

Simple cuboidal

Simple columnar

Stratified squamous

Stratified cuboidal

Stratified columnar

Front 3

What are the two categories for epithelial tissue?

Back 3

- Covering and lining epithelium (skin)

- Glandular epithelium

Front 4

Details of glandular epithelium

Back 4

(Remember: 2 different kinds of glands)

Front 5

Details of covering epithelium

Back 5

Front 6

How are epithelial tissues categorised?

Back 6

- By the number of epithelial cell layers

E.g. 1 cell layer = simple

2+ cell layers = stratified

- By the shape of the apical layer (top layers, seen in image)

Front 7

What are the functions of simple and stratified structures?

Back 7

Simple = transfer between environments (absorption and secretion)

Stratified = protective barrier (thicker)

Front 8

Details about simple squamous

Back 8

- Most delicate

- Found in protected areas where absorption and diffusion occurs on a slippery surface to reduce friction

- Lining internal body cavities = mesothelium

- Endothelium = lines heart and blood vessels

Front 9

Details about stratified squamous

Back 9

- Located where mechanical (or chemical) stress occurs. E.g. gut

Front 10

Details about cuboidal epithelium

Back 10

- Looks hexagonal

- Simple = lines exocrine glands and ducts as well as kidneys

- Stratified = rare and appears in sweat and mammary glands

Front 11

What is transitional epithelium?

Back 11

It is unusual stratified epithelium (especially for repeated cycles of stretching, like the bladder)

Front 12

Details about simple columnar

Back 12

- Found in lining of stomach and intestines

- May have surface microvilli or cilia

Front 13

Details about pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Back 13

- Includes several cell types with varying shapes and functions

- Top of cells are not level

Front 14

Details about stratified columnar

Back 14

- Rarely found

- Found in large ducts such as salivary gland

Front 15

What is connective tissue?

Back 15

- Most abundant

- 3 main properties = Cells, fibres and matrix

Front 16

What cells are present in connective tissue?

Back 16

- Structural cells = synthesising and storing (fats adipose etc)

- Immature cells known as "blasts" (Secrete ECM and will divide into mature cells)

- Mature cells known as "cytes"

- Defence cells (protect body from invasion)

Front 17

What is the matrix of connective tissue?

Back 17

- Found between cells and fibres

E.g:

– Fluid (Blood)

– Semifluid (Cartilage)

– Gelatinous (most others)

– Hard (Bone)

– Secures CT cells & fibres within the ECM

- Provide a medium for substance exchange

Front 18

What are the fibres of connective tissue?

Back 18

3 main types:

- Collagen (Provides strength)

- Reticular (Provides net-like framework)

- Elastic (Provides additional strength and elasticity)

Front 19

What are the different connective tissue classifications?

Back 19

- Loose connective tissues have MORE cells than fibres (eg. areolar, reticular and adpiose connective tissue)

- Dense connective tissues have LESS cells than fibres (regular dense has fibres running in parallel and irregular has fibres running in all directions)