Lecture 2

Front 1

Pec _______ & ________ are accessory muscles in _____________

Back 1

Pec MAJOR & MINOR are accessory muscles in INSPIRATION

Front 2

_________ muscles act primarily on the vertebral column

Back 2

SCALENE muscles act primarily on the vertebral column

Front 3

Levatores costarum - ___________ ribs

Back 3

Levatores costarum - ELEVATE ribs

Front 4

External intercostal muscles – ______________

Back 4

External intercostal muscles – INSPIRATION

Front 5

Internal intercostal muscles – ______________

Back 5

Internal intercostal muscles – EXPIRATION

Front 6

Clavipectoral fascia – suspended from the clavicle and investing the pectoralis ________

Back 6

Clavipectoral fascia – suspended from the clavicle and investing the pectoralis MINOR

Front 7

ARM = _________

Back 7

ARM = HUMERUS

Front 8

FOREARM = _______ & ________

Back 8

RADIUS & ULNA

Front 9

stability is sacrificed for ____________ in the upper limb

Back 9

stability is sacrificed for MOBILITY in the upper limb

Front 10

Only connection of the upper limb to the axial skeleton is the _______________________ joint.

Back 10

Only connection of the upper limb to the axial skeleton is the STERNOCLAVICULAR joint.

Front 11

Motion of one upper limb is _________________ of the other

Back 11

Motion of one upper limb is INDEPENDENT of the other

Front 12

FINGERS AND THUMBS ARE?

Back 12

THE MOST MOBILE PART OF LIMBS

Front 13

CLAVICLE: Strut from which the scapula and limb are suspended keeping them away from the trunk  ___________ mobility

Back 13

CLAVICLE: Strut from which the scapula and limb are suspended keeping them away from the trunk  MAXIMUM mobility

Front 14

FUNC OF CLAV: A bony boundary of the _________________ canal, protection for neurovascular bundle of the upper limb

Back 14

FUNC OF CLAV: A bony boundary of the CERVICOAXILLARY canal, protection for neurovascular bundle of the upper limb

Front 15

____________ Transmits shocks from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

Back 15

CLAVICLE Transmits shocks from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

Front 16

The ______ does not reach, therefore does not participate in the wrist joint

Back 16

The ULNA does not reach, therefore does not participate in the wrist joint

Front 17

Radius is the __________ and more __________ bone of the forearm

Back 17

Radius is the SHORTER and more LATERAL bone of the forearm

Front 18

FRACTURE OF SCAPHOID CAN LEAD TO?

Avascular ____________
______________ joint disease
_______________

Back 18

FRACTURE OF SCAPHOID CAN LEAD TO?

Avascular NECROSIS
DEGENERATIVE joint disease
ARTHRODESIS

Front 19

Pectoral fascia: Invests pectoralis _______, leaves its lateral border to become the ____________ fascia.

Back 19

Pectoral fascia: Invests pectoralis MAJOR, leaves its lateral border to become the AXILLARY fascia.

Front 20

Clavipectoral fascia: descends from the clavicle and invests the ___________ and pectoralis ________ and joins the axillary fascia.

Back 20

Clavipectoral fascia: descends from the clavicle and invests the SUBCLAVIUS and pectoralis MINOR and joins the axillary fascia.

Front 21

Between the subclavius and pectoralis minor it is called the ___________________ membrane, pierced by the lateral pectoral nerve.

Back 21

Between the subclavius and pectoralis minor it is called the COSTOCORACOID membrane, pierced by the lateral pectoral nerve.

Front 22

The part inferior to the pectoralis minor muscle is the _______________ ligament of the axilla

Back 22

The part inferior to the pectoralis minor muscle is the SUSPENSORY ligament of the axilla

Front 23

The suspensory ligament is responsible for the concave _________ _________.

Back 23

The suspensory ligament is responsible for the concave AXILLARY FOSSA.

Front 24

_________ fascia: forms medial and lateral intermuscular septa

Back 24

BRACIAL fascia: forms medial and lateral intermuscular septa

Front 25

Antebrachial fascia: Distally forms the __________ _______________

Back 25

Antebrachial fascia: Distally forms the EXTENSOR RETINACULUM

Front 26

Antebrachial fascia: Surrounds similar compartments separated by the _______________ membrane.

Back 26

Antebrachial fascia: Surrounds similar compartments separated by the INTEROSSEOUS membrane.

Front 27

Antebrachial fascia forms the __________ ________ ___________ anteriorly which is continuous with the extensor retinaculum

Back 27

Antebrachial fascia forms the PALMAR CARPAL LIGAMENT anteriorly which is continuous with the extensor retinaculum

Front 28

THE flexor retinaculum FORMS THE ____________ ____________

Back 28

THE flexor retinaculum FORMS THE CARPAL TUNNEL

Front 29

The deep fascia continues beyond the extensor and flexor retinacula as the ________ fascia.

Back 29

The deep fascia continues beyond the extensor and flexor retinacula as the PALMAR fascia.

Front 30

The central part of the palmar fascia is the palmar _________________

Back 30

The central part of the palmar fascia is the palmar APONEUROSIS

Front 31

the palmar aponeurosis and is continuous proximally with the tendon of the __________ __________

Back 31

the palmar aponeurosis and is continuous proximally with the tendon of the PALMARIS LONGUS

Front 32

CEPHALIC VEIN IS _____________

Back 32

CEPHALIC VEIN IS LATERAL

Front 33

__________ vein communicates with the median cubital vein

Back 33

CEPHALIC vein communicates with the median cubital vein

Front 34

THE CEPHALIC VEIN -> clavipectoral triangle, pierces the costocoracoid membrane --> AXILLARY vein

Back 34

THE CEPHALIC VEIN -> clavipectoral triangle, pierces the costocoracoid membrane --> AXILLARY vein

Front 35

___________ VEIN IS MEDIAL

Back 35

BASILIC VEIN IS MEDIAL

Front 36

Basilic vein (medially)-> joins with the venae comitantes of the ________ artery to form the ___________ vein.

Back 36

Basilic vein (medially)-> joins with the venae comitantes of the BRACIAL artery to form the AXILLARY vein.

Front 37

The median cubital vein passes obliquely between the _________and ________ veins

Back 37

The median cubital vein passes obliquely between the CEPHALIC and BASILIC veins

Front 38

Lymph collected from the upper limb drains into the __________ lymph nodes.

Back 38

Lymph collected from the upper limb drains into the AXILLARY lymph nodes.

Front 39

MUSCLES OF PEC GIRDLE?

PEC _________
_____ MINOR
_________________
___________ ANTERIOR

Back 39

MUSCLES OF PEC GIRDLE?

PEC MAJOR
PEC MINOR
SUBCLAVIUS
SERRATUS ANTERIOR

Front 40

PEC MAJOR PROXIMAL ATTACHMENTS:

_________ & __________ HEADS

Back 40

PEC MAJOR PROXIMAL ATTACHMENTS:

CLAVICLE & STERNAL HEADS

Front 41

Distal attachment OF pec major?

_________ lip of the intertubercular groove of the ___________.

Back 41

Distal attachment OF pec major?

LATERAL lip of the intertubercular groove of the HUMEROUS.

Front 42

INNERVATION OF PEC MAJOR clavicular head?

Back 42

C5 - 6

Front 43

INNERVATION OF PEC MAJOR sternocostal head?

Back 43

C7-8, T1

Front 44

PEC MAJOR ________ and __________ rotates the humerus

Back 44

PEC MAJOR ADDUCTS and MEDIALLY rotates the humerus

Front 45

PEC MAJOR draws scapula __________ and __________

Back 45

PEC MAJOR draws scapula ANTERIORLY and INFERIORLY

Front 46

pec major clavicular head _________ the humerus

Back 46

pec major clavicular head FLEXES the humerus

Front 47

pec major sternocostal head ___________ humerus it from the flexed position

Back 47

pec major sternocostal head EXTENDS humerus it from the flexed position

Front 48

Testing the clavicular head (PEC MAJOR)???

Arm is abducted 90 degrees, then moved _____________ against resistance.

Back 48

Testing the clavicular head???

Arm is abducted 90 degrees, then moved ANTERIORLY against resistance.

Front 49

Testing the sternal head (PEC MAJOR)???

Arm is abducted 60 degrees, then __________ against resistance.

Back 49

Testing the sternal head (PEC MAJOR)???

Arm is abducted 60 degrees, then ADDUCTED against resistance.

Front 50

Pec minor prox attach?

___ & ___ ribs

Back 50

Pec minor prox attach?

3rd & 5th ribs

Front 51

pec minor distal attach?

___________ process of scapula

Back 51

pec minor distal attach?

CORACOID process of scapula

Front 52

PEC MINOR Innervation: _________ pectoral nerve ___,____

Back 52

PEC MINOR Innervation: MEDIAL pectoral nerve C8, T1

Front 53

PEC MINOR Action: ___________ _________by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

Back 53

PEC MINOR Action: STABILIZES SCAPULA by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

Front 54

______ __________ Assists in elevation of the ribs in deep inspiration

Back 54

PEC MINOR Assists in elevation of the ribs in deep inspiration

Front 55

_____ ___________ It is used when stretching the upper limb forward to touch an object that is just out of reach.

Back 55

PEC MINOR It is used when stretching the upper limb forward to touch an object that is just out of reach.

Front 56

SUBCLAVIUS PROX ATTACH ___ RIB

Back 56

SUBCLAVIUS PROX ATTACH 1ST RIB

Front 57

SUBCLAVIUS Distal attachment: into the inferior surface of middle third of the _________.

Back 57

SUBCLAVIUS Distal attachment: into the inferior surface of middle third of the CLAVICLE.

Front 58

SUBCLAVIUS Innervation: Nerve to the ____________ (C__-__)

Back 58

SUBCLAVIUS Innervation: Nerve to the SUBCLAVIUS (C5-6)

Front 59

______________ Action: Anchors and depresses clavicle.

Back 59

SUBCLAVIUS Action: Anchors and depresses clavicle.

Front 60

SERRATUS ANTERIOR PROX ATTACH ___ -- ___ RIBS

Back 60

SERRATUS ANTERIOR PROX ATTACH 1ST -- 8TH RIBS

Front 61

SERRATUS ANTERIOR DISTAL ATTACH _________ surface of the ________ border of the scapula

Back 61

SERRATUS ANTERIOR DISTAL ATTACH ANTERIOR surface of the MEDIAL border of the scapula

Front 62

Serratus Anterior Innervation: Long ________ nerve (C__-__)

Back 62

Serratus Anterior Innervation: Long THORACIC nerve (C5-7)

Front 63

Serratus anterior __________ scapula

Back 63

PROTRACTS

Front 64

__________ __________ HOLDS scapula against thoracic wall

Back 64

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

Front 65

Serratus anterior _________ scapula

Back 65

ROTATES

Front 66

To test the serratus anterior (long __________ nerve)

The hand of the outstretched limb is pushed __________ a wall.

Back 66

To test the serratus anterior (long THORACIC nerve)

The hand of the outstretched limb is pushed AGAINST a wall.

Front 67

__________ ___________ Deformity known as ‘winged scapula

Back 67

SERRATUS ANTERIOR Deformity known as ‘winged scapula

Front 68

The intrinsic back muscles (the deepest group) control _________ and __________ movements of the ____________ column

Back 68

The intrinsic back muscles (the deepest group) control POSTURE and control MOVEMENTS of the VERTEBRAL column

Front 69

Superficial posterior axioappendicular (extrinsic shoulder) muscles

__________and _____________ dorsi

Back 69

Superficial posterior axioappendicular (extrinsic shoulder) muscles

TRAPEZIUS and LATISSIMUS dorsi

Front 70

Deep posterior axioappendicular (extrinsic shoulder) muscles

_________ scapulae and ______________

Back 70

Deep posterior axioappendicular (extrinsic shoulder) muscles

LEVATOR scapulae and RHOMBOIDS

Front 71

Scapulohumeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles

_________ , TERES __________ & ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Back 71

Scapulohumeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles

DELTOID, TERES MAJOR & SUPRA/INFRA/Tere Minor/subscap

Front 72

Trapezius Proximal Attachment _______ line, external ___________ protuberance, _________ ligament, spinous processes of ___-____.

Back 72

Trapezius Proximal Attachment NUCHAL line, external OCCIPITAL protuberance, NUCHAL ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12.

Front 73

Trapezius Distal attachment: into the lateral third of the ___________; ___________ and spine of the _________

Back 73

Trapezius Distal attachment: into the lateral third of the CLAVICLE; ACROMION and spine of the SCAPULA

Front 74

Trapezius Innervation: ___________ nerve (CN XI) (motor fibers) and ___--___ spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers)

Back 74

Trapezius Innervation: ACCESSORY nerve (CN XI) (motor fibers) and C3-4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers)

Front 75

Trapezius Actions: Superior fibers _________ the scapula, middle fibers ________ the scapula, and inferior fibers _________ the scapula and lower the shoulder.

Back 75

Trapezius Actions: Superior fibers ELEVATE the scapula, middle fibers RETRACT the scapula, and inferior fibers DEPRESS the scapula and lower the shoulder.

Front 76

Testing the Trapezius: The shoulder is ____________ against resistance (the person attempts the raise the shoulders as the examiner presses down on them).

Back 76

Testing the Trapezius: The shoulder is SHRUGGED against resistance (the person attempts the raise the shoulders as the examiner presses down on them).

Front 77

Test the trapezius (Spinal _____________ nerve, CN XI)

Back 77

Test the trapezius (Spinal ACCESSORY nerve, CN XI)

Front 78

Latissimus Dorsi Proximal attachment: from the spinous processes of the __________ __ __________ vertebrae, _________________ fascia, ______ crest, and inferior __ or __ ribs.

Back 78

Latissimus Dorsi Proximal attachment: from the spinous processes of the INFERIOR 6 THORACIC vertebrae, THORACOLUMBAR fascia, ILIAC crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs.

Front 79

Latissimus Dorsi Distal attachment: into floor of the __________________ groove of the humerus

Back 79

Latissimus Dorsi Distal attachment: into floor of the INTERTUBERCULAR groove of the humerus

Front 80

Latissimus Dorsi Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (___--___)

Back 80

Latissimus Dorsi Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

Front 81

Latissimus Dorsi Action: ________, __________, ___________ rotates the humerus; _________ body toward arms during climbing.

Back 81

Latissimus Dorsi Action: EXTENDS, ADDUCTS, MEDIALLY rotates the humerus; RAISES body toward arms during climbing.

Front 82

latissimus dorsi muscle: The arm is abducted 90 degrees, Then _____________ against resistance.

Back 82

latissimus dorsi muscle: The arm is abducted 90 degrees, Then ADDUCTED against resistance.

Front 83

Levator Scapulae Proximal attachment: from the posterior tubercles of transverse processes of ___--___ vertebrae

Back 83

Levator Scapulae Proximal attachment: from the posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae

Front 84

Levator Scapulae Distal attachment: medial border of the _________ superior to the root of the spine

Back 84

Levator Scapulae Distal attachment: medial border of the SCAPULA superior to the root of the spine

Front 85

Levator Scapulae Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve ___ and cervical nerves ___--___

Back 85

Levator Scapulae Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve C5 and cervical nerves C3-4

Front 86

Levator Scapulae Action: ___________ scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity __________ by ___________ the scapula

Back 86

Levator Scapulae Action: ELEVATES scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity INFERIORLY by ROTATING the scapula

Front 87

Rhomboids Minor proximal arises from the _________ ligament and spinous processes of ___ and ___ vertebrae.

Back 87

Rhomboids Minor proximal arises from the NUCHAL ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae.

Front 88

Rhomboids Minor distal into smooth triangular area at the ________ end of the ____________ spine.

Back 88

Rhomboids Minor distal into smooth triangular area at the MEDIAL end of the SCAPULAR spine.

Front 89

Rhomboids Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve ___--___

Back 89

Rhomboids Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve C4-5

Front 90

Rhomboids _________ the scapula and _________ it to depress the glenoid cavity; ____scapula to the thoracic wall.

Back 90

Rhomboids RETRACT the scapula and ROTATE it to depress the glenoid cavity; FIX scapula to the thoracic wall.

Front 91

Rhomboids Major proximal arises from spinous processes of ___--___ vertebrae.

Back 91

Rhomboids Major arises proximal from spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae.

Front 92

Rhomboids Major distal into the ________ border of the scapula from the level of the spine to the __________ angle.

Back 92

Rhomboids Major distal into the MEDIAL border of the scapula from the level of the spine to the INFERIOR angle.

Front 93

To test the _____________ or dorsal scapular nerve

The individual places the hands posteriorly on the hips and pushes the elbows posteriorly against resistance.

Back 93

To test the RHOMBOIDS or dorsal scapular nerve

The individual places the hands posteriorly on the hips and pushes the elbows posteriorly against resistance.

Front 94

Deltoid Proximal attachment: from the lateral third of the _________; ___________ and ________ of the scapula.

Back 94

Deltoid Proximal attachment: from the lateral third of the CLAVICLE; ACROMION and SPINE of the scapula.

Front 95

Deltoid Distal attachment: into deltoid ____________ of the humerus.

Back 95

Deltoid Distal attachment: into deltoid TUBEROSITY of the humerus.

Front 96

Deltoid Innervation: ___________ nerve (C5-6)

Back 96

Deltoid Innervation: AXILLARY nerve (C5-6)

Front 97

Deltoid Action: Anterior part ________ and ________ rotates the arm. The middle part ____________ the arm. The posterior part __________ and ____________ rotates the arm.

Back 97

Deltoid Action: Anterior part FLEXES and MEDIALLY rotates the arm. The middle part ABDUCTS the arm. The posterior part EXTENDS and LATERALLY rotates the arm.

Front 98

Testing the deltoid or ________ nerve:

The arm is __________, starting from beyond ___ degrees, against ____________. Normally, the deltoid can easily be seen and palpated

Back 98

Testing the deltoid or AXIALLY nerve:

The arm is ABDUCTED, starting from beyond 15 degrees, against RESISTANCE. Normally, the deltoid can easily be seen and palpated

Front 99

Teres Major Proximal attachment: from the posterior surface of the ________ angle of the scapula.

Back 99

Teres Major Proximal attachment: from the posterior surface of the INFERIOR angle of the scapula.

Front 100

Teres Major Distal attachment: into _________ lip of the _________________ groove of the humerus.

Back 100

Teres Major Distal attachment: into MEDIAL lip of the INTERTUBERCULAR groove of the humerus.

Front 101

Teres Major Innervation: Lower _______________ nerve C5-6

Back 101

Teres Major Innervation: Lower SUBSCAPULAR nerve C5-6

Front 102

Teres Major Action: _________ and _________ rotates the arm.

Back 102

Teres Major Action: ADDUCTS and MEDIALLY rotates the arm.

Front 103

Testing teres major or lower ______________ nerve:

The abducted arm is ____________ against resistance. Normally, the muscle can easily be seen and palpated in the posterior ___________ fold.

Back 103

Testing teres major or lower SUBSCAPULAR nerve: T

The abducted arm is ADDUCTED against resistance. Normally, the muscle can easily be seen and palpated in the posterior AXILLARY fold.

Front 104

Supraspinatus Proximal attachment: from the ______________ ________ of the scapula.

Back 104

Supraspinatus Proximal attachment: from the SUPRASPINATUS FOSSA of the scapula.

Front 105

Supraspinatus Distal attachment: into the superior facet of the ____________ __________ of the humerus.

Back 105

Supraspinatus Distal attachment: into the superior facet of the GREATER TUBERCLE of the humerus.

Front 106

Supraspinatus Innervation: ________________ nerve C4, C5, C6

Back 106

Supraspinatus Innervation: SUPRASCAPULAR nerve C4, C5, C6

Front 107

Supraspinatus Action: Initiates and assists deltoid in _______________ of the arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles

Back 107

Supraspinatus Action: Initiates and assists deltoid in ABDUCTION of the arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles

Front 108

Testing SUPRASPINATUS: Abduction is attempted from the fully ____________ position against resistance, while the muscle is palpated superior to the spine of the scapula.

Back 108

Testing SUPRASPINATUS: Abduction is attempted from the fully ADDUCTED position against resistance, while the muscle is palpated superior to the spine of the scapula.

Front 109

Infraspinatus ___________ attachment: from infraspinous fossa of the scapula.

Back 109

Infraspinatus PROXIMAL attachment: from infraspinous fossa of the scapula.

Front 110

Infraspinatus Distal attachment: into the ________ facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Back 110

Infraspinatus Distal attachment: into the MIDDLE facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Front 111

Infraspinatus Innervation: _________________ nerve C5-6

Back 111

Infraspinatus Innervation: SUPRASCAPULAR nerve C5-6

Front 112

Infraspinatus Action: __________ rotates the arm; helps hold the ___________ head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Back 112

Infraspinatus Action: LATERALLY rotates the arm; helps hold the HUMERAL head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Front 113

Testing: The person flexes the elbow and ___________ the arm. The arm is then ___________ rotated against resistance. Normally the muscle can be palpated below the scapular spine.

Back 113

Testing: The person flexes the elbow and ADDUCTS the arm. The arm is then LATERALLY rotated against resistance. Normally the muscle can be palpated below the scapular spine.

Front 114

To test the function of the _________________ nerve both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus must be tested.

Back 114

To test the function of the SUPRASCAPULAR nerve both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus must be tested.

Front 115

Teres Minor Proximal attachment: from the middle part of the __________ border of the scapula.

Back 115

Teres Minor Proximal attachment: from the middle part of the LATERAL border of the scapula.

Front 116

Teres Minor Distal attachment: into ___________ facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Back 116

Teres Minor Distal attachment: into INFERIOR facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Front 117

Teres Minor Innervation: _________ nerve C5-6.

Back 117

Teres Minor Innervation: AXILLARY nerve C5-6.

Front 118

Teres Minor Action: ___________ rotates the arm; helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Back 118

Teres Minor Action: LATERALLY rotates the arm; helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Front 119

Subscapularis Proximal attachment: from the _______________ fossa (most of the anterior surface of the scapula).

Back 119

Subscapularis Proximal attachment: from the SUBSCAPULAR fossa (most of the anterior surface of the scapula).

Front 120

Subscapularis Distal attachment: into the __________ tubercle of the humerus.

Back 120

Subscapularis Distal attachment: into the LESSER tubercle of the humerus.

Front 121

Subscapularis Innervation: Upper and lower _________________ nerves C5-7.

Back 121

Subscapularis Innervation: Upper and lower SUBSCAPULAR nerves C5-7.

Front 122

Subscapularis Action: Primary _________ rotator of the arm and ____________ the arm; Helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity.

Back 122

Subscapularis Action: Primary MEDIAL rotator of the arm and ADDUCTS the arm; Helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity.