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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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--Rocky Mountain spotted fever
--Epidemic typhus (typhus fever) --Endemic typhus GRAM POSITIVE |
Rickettsial Arthoropodborne Diseases
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Bacillus anthracis
3 forms: Cutaneous, Inhalation, Gastrointestinal; easily septicemic and proliferates in blood |
Bacillus anthracis
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Aeorbic, endospore-forming Gram + long rods
spores found in soil ingested by grazing animals |
Bacillus anthracis
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______ are infected by Anthrax by handling infected animal hair, skin, or wastes
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Humans
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one endospore in a skin abrasion can start disease, spores germinate, vegetative cell multiples
SKIN INFECTION--insect bite, vesicle, ulcer, black necrotic (dying) area in the center --lymph glands in the adjacent area may swell |
Cutaneous anthracis
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Cutaneous Anthrax
From the necrotic ulcer the infection may disseminate into blood stream giving rise to _________. (FATAL 20% death) What treatment is used? |
Septicemia
Penicillin |
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humans may become infected by the inhalation of the endospores, but thousands must be inhaled before the person becomes ill
symptoms: common flu/cold, breathing problems, shock, respiratory distress--then DEATH (fatal) Antibodic is... ? |
Inhalation Anthrax
Ceprofloxaxin |
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Ingestion of contaminated meat causing an acute inflammation of the intestinal tract
1st: nausea, loss of apetite, vomit, fever followed by: 2nd: abdominal pain, vomiting of blood and severe diarrhea death--25-60% |
Gastrointential Anthrax
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What are the anthax virulence factors?
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1. Capsule
2. Toxin |
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poly-D-glutamate polypeptide
On culturing smooth (S) and rough (R) variants occur S=Virulent R=avirulent Protect against bactericidal components of serum and phagocytes; important in the establishment of the infection |
Anthracis Capsule
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What is the toxin of Anthrax?
death is due to oxygen depletion, secondary shock, increased vascular permeability, respiratory failure and cardiac failure |
Diffusible exotoxins
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What vacinnes are used for Anthrax?
-A nonencapsulated toxigenic strain has been used effectively in livestock, what is this called? ___________: produces sublethal amounts of toxin that induces formation of protective antibody |
Animal Vaccines
The Sterne Strain of Bacillus anthracis produces toxin that induces formation of protective antibodies |
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____ vaccine is effective in providing protection against aerosol exposure to deadly anthrax spores--safe in humans
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rPA = Purified Recombinant Protective Antigen
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Anthrax is not contagious.
T/F? |
TRUE
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Gram-positive, anaerobic, endospore-forming rods
Endospore contaminated soils -vegetative bacteria found in intestines of many animals/humans |
Agent: Clostridum Tetani
Tetanus (Lockjaw) |
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How does Tetanus enter your body?
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puncture wounds--spores cline to thorns, glass, rusty nails
Within oxygen-free tissue of wound spores germinate |
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Virulence factors:
Neurotoxin, _________, which interferes with synaptic inhibition of skeletal muscles, leading to sustained contraction (convulsions) Death from paralysis of breathing muscles |
Clostridum Tetani
Tetanus (Lockjaw) |
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muscle stiffness, facial and swallowing muscles, spasms of jaw muscles, jaw locks, "fixed smile"
Last--spasmodic inhalation, seizures in the diaphragm and rib muscles occur which leads to reduce ventilation and death |
Tetanus (lockjaw)
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What is the treatment for Tetanus?
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Penicillin
Tetanus antitoxin Sedatives/muscle relaxants Vaccines: Tetanus toxoid--part of DPT or DPaP |
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Agent: Clostridium Perfringens...
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Gas Gangrene
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Gram positive, anaerobic endospore forming rod
--Endospore contaminated soils -Vegetative bacteria found in intestines of many animals and humans |
Clostridium Perfringens
Gas Gangrene |
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Gangrene is the death of soft tissue = ______, resulting from the loss of blood supply
Wound becomes anaerobic, caused by frostbite |
Necrosis
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Intense pain and swlling at the wound site, foul odor, inital site turns dull red, then green and finally blue-black, toxins may damage heart and nervous system
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Gas Gangrene
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Spirochete, usually with hook one end resembles question mark--hence interrogans
--moves by way of axial filament giving undulating appearance |
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospirosis |
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Animals infected with this disease shed the organisms in their urine; infected animals are often rodents and dogs
occupational disease for sewer workers, farmers, vets, meatpacking workers -can be obtained from flood contaminated water |
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospirosis |
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Spirochete can enter body through skin, colonizes the kidney tubules
Symptoms: incuabtion 1-2 weeks, headaches, muscle aches, chills, fever--symptoms might disappear and come back to affect dif organs, kidney and liver failures (common, fatal) |
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospirosis |
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What is the treatment of Leptospirosis?
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Penicillin
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What is the diagnosis of Leptospirosis?
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Isolating pathogens from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid
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