Lecom Pharm One Liners 2015 Part 7

Front 1

Vasodilators and treatment of angina

Front 2

MOA of sildenafil (Viagra)

Back 2

Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increases in cGMP

Front 3

Drugs used in the management of angina

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Aspirin, Nitrates, CCB, and Beta blockers

Front 4

Aspirin reduces mortality in unstable angina by

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Platelet aggregation inhibition

Front 5

MOA of nitrates

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Relax vascular smooth muscle, at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles

Front 6

Nitrate used for acute anginal attacks

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Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets

Front 7

Nitrate used to prevent further attacks

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Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin

Front 8

Nitrate free intervals are needed due to

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Tolerance

Front 9

SE of nitrates

Back 9

Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, hot flashes, and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation

Front 10

CCB are DOC for

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Prinzmetal's angina

Front 11

Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack

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Classic

Front 12

Drugs used to treat CHF

Front 13

MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin)

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Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase

Front 14

Digoxin is used in

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Atrial fibrillation and CHF

Front 15

Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by

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Hypokalemia

Front 16

Antidote for digoxin toxicity

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Digoxin immune fab

Front 17

Drug used for moderate to severe heart failure, reduces mortality, especially for patients taking digitalis to prevent hypokalemia

Back 17

Spironolactone, Eplerenone

Front 18

Combination recommended for only African Americans to reduce preload and afterload in CHF

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Isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine

Front 19

Beta 1 agonists used iv in acute decompensated HF

Back 19

Dobutamine and dopamine

Front 20

Diuretics work in CHF by

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Reducing preload

Front 21

Beta blockers work in CHF by

Back 21

Reducing adverse effects of high catecholamine levels on heart (never use in acute heart failure)

Front 22

Dual ARB and neprilysin inhibitor, early phase 2 trial for heart failure and hypertension

Back 22

LCZ696, sucabitril

Front 23

Select group of beta blockers that reduce heart failure mortality

Back 23

Carvedilol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol

Front 24

Vasodilator used in acute CHF resembling brain natriuretic peptide

Back 24

Nesiritide (Natrecor)

Front 25

Drugs used in coagulation disorders

Front 26

Vitamin K dependent anticoagulant

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Warfarin (PT)

Front 27

Warfarin is contraindicated in

Back 27

Pregnancy

Front 28

Anticoagulant of choice in pregnancy

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Heparin

Front 29

Heparin (PTT) increases activity of

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Antithrombin 3

Front 30

Route of administration of warfarin

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Oral

Front 31

Routes of administration of heparin

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IV and IM (only LMW)

Front 32

SE of both warfarin and heparin

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Bleeding

Front 33

SE of heparin

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Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Front 34

Alternative anticoagulant used if HIT develops

Back 34

Lepirudin

Front 35

Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin

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Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma

Front 36

Antidote to reverse actions of heparin

Back 36

Protamine sulfate

Front 37

MOA of aspirin

Back 37

Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase

Front 38

Agent used to treat MI and to reduce incidence of subsequent MI

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Aspirin, metoprolol

Front 39

SE of Aspirin

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GI bleeding

Front 40

Antiplatelet drug reserved for patients allergic to aspirin

Back 40

Ticlopidine

Front 41

SE for ticlopidine

Back 41

Neutropenia and agranulocytosis

Front 42

Effective in preventing TIA's

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Clopidogrel and ticlopidine

Front 43

Prevents thrombosis in patients with artificial heart valve

Back 43

Dipyridamole

Front 44

Block glycoprotein IIb/IIIa involved in platelet cross- linking

Back 44

Abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide

Front 45

MOA of thrombolytics

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Degradation of fibrin clots and are administered IV

Front 46

Thrombolytics are used for

Back 46

Pulmonary embolism and DVT

Front 47

Thrombolytic that can cause allergic reaction

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Streptokinase

Front 48

Thrombolytic used for acute MI and ischemic (non hemorrhagic) CVA

Back 48

Tissue plasmin activator

Front 49

SE of tPA

Back 49

Cerebral hemorrhage

Front 50

Antidote for thrombolytics

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Aminocaproic acid

Front 51

Agents used in anemias and hematopoietic growth factors

Front 52

Agent to treat hypochromic microcytic anemias

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Ferrous sulfate

Front 53

Chelating agent used in acute iron toxicity

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Deferoxamine

Front 54

Agent for pernicious anemia

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Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)

Front 55

Agent used for neurological deficits in megaloblastic anemia

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Vitamin B12

Front 56

Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does NOT reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy

Back 56

Folic acid

Front 57

Agent used for anemias associated with renal failure

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Erythropoietin agonists

Front 58

Agent used neutropenia especially after chemotherapy

Back 58

G-CSF (filgrastim) and GM-CSF (sargramostim)

Front 59

Treatment of patients with prior episodes of thrombocytopenia after a cycle of cancer chemotherapy

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Interleukin 11 (oprelvekin)

Front 60

Antihyperlipidemics

Front 61

Drugs decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol

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Bile acid-binding resins

Front 62

Cholestyramine and colestipol are

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Bile acid-binding resins

Front 63

Major nutritional side effect of bile acid-binding resins

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Impair absorption of fat soluble vitamin absorption (A,D,E,K)

Front 64

MOA of lovastatin (STATIN)

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inhibits HMG COA reductase

Front 65

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are contraindicated in

Back 65

Pregnancy

Front 66

MOA of drug or foods (grapefruit juice) that increase statin effect

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Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4

Front 67

SE of HMG COA reductase inhibitors

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Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity

Front 68

Monitoring parameter to obtain before initiation of STATINS

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LFT's

Front 69

Decreases liver triglycerol synthesis

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Niacin

Front 70

SE of niacin

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Cutaneous flush

Front 71

Cutaneous flush can be reduced by pretreatment with

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Aspirin

Front 72

Fibrates (gemfibrozil) increase activity of

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Lipoprotein lipase

Front 73

Most common SE of fibrates

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Nausea

Front 74

Fibrates are contraindicated in

Back 74

Pregnancy

Front 75

Concurrent use of fibrates (gemfibrozil) and statins (simvastatin, lovastatin) increases risk of

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Rhabdomyolysis

Front 76

New class of drugs that works by inhibiting absorption of intestinal cholesterol and can be given concurrently with the Statins

Back 76

Ezetimibe (Zetia)

Front 77

NSAIDS and DMARDS

Front 78

MOA of NSAIDS

Back 78

inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (cox)

Front 79

Difference between aspirin and other NSAIDS

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Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase

Front 80

Four main actions of NSAIDS

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Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and antiplatelet activity

Front 81

Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus

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Indomethacin

Front 82

Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infection

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Potential for development of Reye's syndrome

Front 83

SE of salicylates

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Tinnitus, GI bleeding

Front 84

NSAID also available as an ophthalmic preparation

Back 84

Diclofenac, ketoralac

Front 85

NSAID available orally, IM and ophthalmically

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Ketorolac

Front 86

NSAID that is used for acute condition, such as post- surgical pain and has limited duration (<5 days) of use due to nephrotoxicity

Back 86

Ketorolac

Front 87

Newer NSAID that selectively inhibits COX-2

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Celecoxib

Front 88

COX 2 inhibitors may have reduced risk of

Back 88

Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding

Front 89

COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in pts with

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Pre-existing cardiac or renal disease

Front 90

Acetaminophen only has

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Antipyretic and analgesic activity

Front 91

SE of acetaminophen

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Hepatotoxicity

Front 92

Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity Drugs-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Agents (DMARDS)

Back 92

N-acetylcysteine

Front 93

DMARDS

Front 94

DMARDs are slow acting drugs for

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Rheumatic disease

Front 95

Initial DMARD of choice for patients with RA

Back 95

Methotrexate

Front 96

Drug ofter used in combination with TNF - alpha inhitors for RA

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Methotrexate

Front 97

Causes bone marrow suppression

Back 97

Azathioprine

Front 98

Interferes with activity of T-lymphocytes

Back 98

Hydroxychloroquine

Front 99

Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

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Hydroxychloroquine

Front 100

SE of hydroxychloroquine

Back 100

Retinal destruction and dermatitis

Front 101

MOA of Leflunomide (newer agent)

Back 101

Inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis, decreased T cell proliferation and decreased antibody production by B cells

Front 102

Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)

Back 102

Adalimumab, infliximab and etanercept

Front 103

Anti-rheumatic agent also used for ulcerative colitis

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Sulfasalazine

Front 104

Anti-rheumatic agent also used for Chron's disease

Back 104

Infliximab

Front 105

Drugs used in Gout

Front 106

NSAID used in gout

Back 106

Indomethacin

Front 107

NSAID contraindicated in gout

Back 107

Aspirin

Front 108

MOA of colchicine (used in acute gout)

Back 108

Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly

Front 109

SE of colchicine

Back 109

Kidney and liver toxicity, diarrhea

Front 110

Agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid secretion and excretion

Back 110

Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone

Front 111

Allopurinol treats chronic gout by decreasing uric acid production by inhibiting

Back 111

Xanthine oxidase

Front 112

Insulins

Front 113

Rapid acting insulins that do not self-aggregate

Back 113

lispro insulin, aspart insulin, glulisine insulin

Front 114

Peakless long acting insulin

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Insulin glargine

Front 115

Cardiac drugs

Front 116

DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; has high efficacy and short duration of action

Back 116

Adenosine

Front 117

Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents: Disinfectants, Antiseptics, Sterilants

Front 118

Decontamination of health care worker after caring for patient with C. difficile infection

Back 118

Proper hand-washing with soap and water

Front 119

Used to sterilize endoscopes and dental equipment

Back 119

Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ortho- phthalaldehyde, sterilox, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid

Front 120

Disinfection of blood spills

Back 120

1:10 dilution of household bleach

Front 121

Bactericidal, fungicidal, sporicidal disinfectant used to wipe hospital beds

Back 121

1:10 dilution of bleach, phenol