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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How do dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors interact to enable interaction of sliding filaments?
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calcium channel in t-tubule interacts with calcium channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum for calcium release
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How localized, to spinal segments, would you expect to find the alpha motor neurons for a muscle like the gastrocnemius or the soleus?
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might be spread over 5 segments
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Say something about mototopic organization of motor neurons in the ventral horn.
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proximal muscles are medial, flexors are dorsal
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You withdraw one supporting leg because you stepped on something painful. What happens to the opposite leg's flexor?
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it is inhibited via interneurons
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Binding to troponin, helping with the release of vesicles at the "presynaptic" membrane of the neuromuscular junction, release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Name a yet one additional location or channel for the action of calcium ions in excitation p; contraction coupling.
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T-tubules carry action potentials into cell with DHP calcium channels
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The numbers 13 vs 1730 were given for extraocular vs gastrocnemius muscles respectively (and explained in terms of muscles for fine vs gross movement respectively). 13 and 1730 what?
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Number of muscle cells (fibers) per motor unit (one spinal motor neuron)
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For a Golgi tendon organ in the tendon of the biceps, answer either (1) How would the muscle react from stimulation? Or (2) What is the sensory afferent axon?
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Muscle is inhibited from contracting (via inhibitory interneuron); Ib
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How is it that, in the knee-jerk reflex, the flexor is inhibited from contracting?
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Through an inhibitory interneuron
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I have located a spinal motor neuron for the triceps in the ventral horn. Where should I look, relative to that cell, for neurons that would mediate making a fist?
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(using that diagram of making a muscle superimposed on the ventral gray matter) lateral to that neuron
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What do dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors have to do with each other?
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dihydropyridine in t tubules interact with ryanodine in sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium channels
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Make a statement about how many different metabolic muscle types connect to one motor unit.
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each motor unit has only one metabolic type
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How would you go about visualizing the cell bodies of all the spinal motor neurons that connect to one muscle?
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backfill from the nerve
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Pick one: (1) What is the source of the signal that comes up the Ib afferent? (2) What is the function of the signal that comes up the Ib afferent?
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Golgi tendon organ, let go (as opposed to contract
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What is the function of the enzyme deficient in familial amyotropic lateral sclerosis?
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get rid of superoxide
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What cells degenerate in ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's disease)?
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spinal motor neurons
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Relative to adjacent areas, what would be more plentiful in the cervical enlargement?
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spinal motor neurons
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In the ventral horn of the spinal cord, where are motor neurons controlling the hand relative to those controlling the shoulders?
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lateral
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Where is the cell body for the stretch receptor involved in the monosynaptic reflex?
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dorsal root ganglion
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What are gamma motor neurons used for?
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to preset stretch in intrafusal muscle fibers
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The sensitivity for the reflex can be preset by the fusimotor system. What type of nerve and what type of muscle are used in this efferent system?
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gamma motor neuron to intrafusal system
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What muscles are excited and inhibited in the crossed-extensor reflex?
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ipsi + flexor to withdraw, - extensor, contra + extensor to support and - flexor
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Consecutive muscle twitches that come close enough together in time fuse to a steady and stronger contraction. What is this called?
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tetanus
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One motor neuron connects to quite a few muscle cells. What is this called?
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motor unit
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There's a muscle protein called "dystrophin." Why did they give it that name?
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it is the product of a gene that, if mutant, leads to Duchenne (or Becker) muscular dystrophy
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Name a Ca2+ channel relevant to excitation-contraction coupling.
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dihydropyridine receptor and ryanodine receptor (also synaptic calcium channel)
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I compared 13 for extraocular muscle and 1730 for gastrocnemius. 13 and 1730 what?
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muscle cells per neuron in a motor unit
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In the knee-jerk reflex, the flexor is inhibited. How?
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there is an inhibitory interneuron
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