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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Wat measures do the researchers want to improve. |
Method, reporting and dissemination, reproducibility, evaluation and incentives. |
Five measures |
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What is the problem Munafò et al. talk about? |
Some researchers see patterns in random data (noise). |
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Name two biases that can cause researchers to see patterns in random data. |
Hindsight bias and the confirmation bias. |
H. C. |
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What is apophenia? |
The tendency to see patterns in random data. |
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What is de hindsight bias? |
The tendency to see an event as being predictable only after it occured. |
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What is the confirmation bias? |
The tendency to focus on evidence that is in line with our expectations or favoured explanation. |
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What is the tendency to focus on evidence that is in line with our expectations or favoured explanation called. |
The confirmation bias. |
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What is the tendency to see an event as being predictable only after it occured called? |
The hindsight bias. |
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What is the tendency to see patterns in random data called? |
Apophenia. |
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What two problems do the confirmation and hindsight bias encourage? |
P-hacking and HARKing. |
Two problems. |
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What is p-hacking? |
The selective reporting of p-values. |
Something with significance. |
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What is the selective reporting of p-values called? |
P-hacking. |
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What is HARKing? |
Making a hypothesis after data collection as if it was made before data collection. |
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What is making a hypothesis after data collection as if it was made before data collection called? |
HARKing. |
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Method-wise, what measures can be implemented when doing research? |
Protecting against cognitive biases with blinding, improving methodological training, implementing independent methodological support and encouraging collaboration and team science. |
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What is blinding? |
Avoid researchers and participants to know about the experimental conditions and research hypotheses. |
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What is avoiding researchers and participants to know about the experimental conditions and research hypotheses called? |
Blinding. |
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For what is methodological training needed? |
To learn how to control confounding variables with randomization or counterbalancing, how to blind to avoid experimenter bias and how to make use of a within-subjects design when possible to maximize power. |
Three things. |
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In terms of reporting and dissemination, what measures can be implemented when communicating research? |
Promoting study pre-gregistration and improving the quality of reporting. |
Two things. |
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What is the publication bias/file drawer problem? |
Less studies being published than conducted caused by only positive results being published. |
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What can the pre-registration of of a study avoid? |
The publication bias/file drawer problem. |
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In terms of reproducibility, what measure can be implemented? |
Promoting transparency and open science. |
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What is open science? |
Making the content and process of producing evidence and claims transparent and accessible to others. |
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What is the making the content and process of producing evidence and claims transparent and accessible to others called? |
Open science. |
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In terms of evaluation, what measures can be implemented? |
Deversifying peer review. |
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