Nerc Test Prep For 2015 Reliability Coordinator Exam

Front 1

When responding to real-time emergencies, plans for operator controlled load shedding are held by...

Back 1

Transmission Operator (TOP) OR Balancing Authority (BA)

Hint 1

NERC EOP-003

Front 2

The Transmission Operator (TOP) and Balancing Authority (BA) shall review and update its emergency plans...

Back 2

Annually [and provide a copy to neighboring RCs, TOPs, and BAs.]

Hint 2

EOP-001, R5

Front 3

Restoration plans have to be tested through exercise or simulation, at least every _____ years.

Back 3

5

Front 4

Voltage reduction relief on the transmission system is acceptable only when...

Back 4

when the system is islanded, or separated from the interconnection

Hint 4

TOP-001

Front 5

The Transmission Operator (TOP) shall have an emergency load reduction plan for all identified ______ violations

Back 5

IROL (Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit)

Hint 5

TOP-007

Front 6

Transmission Operators (TOP) shall return the transmission system to within the IROL ASAP, but no longer than...

Back 6

30 Minutes

Hint 6

TOP-007

Front 7

NERC and DOE require a report when the shedding of ______ MW or more of firm load to maintain the continuity of the bulk electric system.

Back 7

100

Hint 7

EOP-004

Front 8

If a Transmission Operator (TOP) enters an unknown operating state, within ____ minutes they need to restore operations to proven reliable power system limits .

Back 8

30

Hint 8

TOP-004

Front 9

A 1% drop in frequency will generally result in a ___ drop in load

Back 9

2%

Front 10

A disturbance greater than or equal to ____ of the Balancing Authority or Reserve Sharing Group's largest single Contingency would be a reportable disturbance per NERC DCS criteria.

Back 10

80%

Hint 10

BAL-002

Front 11

What is a Power Transfer Distribution Factor?

Back 11

A measure of the responsiveness or change in electrical loading used for pre- contingency analysis

Front 12

Governor droop accomplishes...

Back 12

frequency regulation amongst all generators on the electric grid without frequency oscillations

Front 13

Each Reliability Coordinator operator shall complete a minimum of ____ days of realistic emergency situation training simulation each year

Back 13

5

Hint 13

PER-004

Front 14

Multiple contingencies occurring within ___ minute(s) of each other shall be counted as a single contingency

Back 14

1

Front 15

When it comes to systems with long transmission lines that connect remote generation to load centers, it is much more likely to see IROL and SOL violations as a result of...

Back 15

Angle stability limitations. This is due to the large power angles necessary to more power from the generator all the way to the load.

Hint 15

TOP-004

Front 16

What are 3 techniques that a system operator has to address a System Operating Limit (SOL) and/or an Interconnection Operating Limit (IROL)?

Back 16

- Re-dispatch generation

- Reduce Interchange

- Shed Load

Front 17

The lower the governor droop percentage, the ( More / less ) the generator unit will respond to a frequency deviation

Back 17

more

Front 18

The most important consideration in the load forecasting process is...

Back 18

the forecasted Weather.

Front 19

If a Generator Operator (GOP) is experiencing mechanical or electrical problems that limit or remove their ability to provide reactive resources, they shall inform the...

Back 19

Transmission Operator (TOP)

Hint 19

VAR-001

Front 20

This can cause significant low frequency induced currents can enter the system through grounded transformer neutrals, potentially causing system overloads and harmful system-wide harmonics.

Back 20

Geo-magnetic Disturbance (GMD)

Front 21

When issuing a directive, System Operators must use...

Back 21

Three-Part Communication

Hint 21

COM-002

Front 22

When a transmission line becomes loaded above its SIL (Surge Impedence Limit), the line becomes (1)________ and the voltage (2)______.

Back 22

(1) more inductive

(2) drops

Front 23

Neighboring systems of an interconnected network should use ______________ when referring to transmission lines

Back 23

uniform line identifiers and ratings

Front 24

The Transmission Operator (TO) and Balancing Authority (BA) shall provide a copy of all emergency operations plans to its ...

Back 24

Neighboring Transmission Operator (TO), Neighboring Balancing Authority (BA), and Reliability Coordinator.

Front 25

The entity that Makes the original determination that an EEA event is occurring to the Reliability Coordinator is...

Back 25

the Balancing Authority

Front 26

Only the _____________ is allowed to declare an EEA event.

Back 26

Reliability Coordinator

Front 27

A top priority of the system operator during system restoration is....

Back 27

restoration of offsite startup power to generating facilities (to avoid damage to the generator)

Front 28

In an island condition, an operator would have to shed ___% to ___% of load compensate for a 1 Hz frequency deviation.

Back 28

6% to 10%

Hint 28

EOP-003

Front 29

EEA 3 is when...

Back 29

Firm load interruption is imminent or in progress

Hint 29

EOP-002

Front 30

EEA 2 is...

Back 30

When Load Management Procedures are in effect

Hint 30

EOP-002

Front 31

EEA 1 is...

Back 31

All available resources are in use (and concerned about sustaining the required Operating Reserves)

Front 32

For every 1% change in frequency, load will change...

Back 32

Approx. 2% in the same direction

Front 33

When a Reliability Coordinator directs a Balancing Authority to modify an existing Interchange schedule for a reliability related reason, who is responsible for submitting the modified Arranged Interchange and how long do they have to complete this?

Back 33

The Balancing Authority, and within 60 minutes.

Hint 33

INT-010

Front 34

During a sabotage event, the notification of government and regulatory bodies, as well as other appropriate agencies, shall be the responsibility of...

Back 34

Reliability Coordinators, Balancing Authorities, Transmission Operators, Generator Operators, or Load Serving Entities

Hint 34

CIP-001

Front 35

What is the primary Cause of low voltages on the BES?

Back 35

Significant VAR losses associated with heavy power transfers

Front 36

The algebraic Sum of active power (Mw) and reactive power (MVAR) is...

Back 36

Apparent Power (MVA)

Front 37

When can the Transmission Operator disconnect from the interconnection?

Back 37

When their system is in imminent danger of violating an IROL or SOL

Hint 37

TOP-004

Front 38

A relay used primarily for power system equipment protection (not line protection).

Back 38

Differential relays (87)

Hint 38

PRC-005

Front 39

Protective device that Calculates the impedance of the line by measuring the voltage and Current of the line; fault causes the current to rise and Voltage to drop, showing a drop in impedance

Back 39

Distance Relay ( 21 )

Front 40

UVLS schemes are designed to drop load in...

Back 40

Pre-selected blocks

Hint 40

EOP-003

EOP-003

Front 41

Time Error Correction Can be done two ways: An offset of frequency of (1)____ Hz or by offsetting its (2)_________ by an amount equal to the computed bias contribution during a frequency deviation equal to (1).

Back 41

(1) 0.02

(2) Net Interchange Schedule

Front 42

The default Contingency Reserve Restoration Period is...

Back 42

90 minutes (which begins at the end of the Disturbance Recovery Period

Front 43

The Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) of, lets say, 1000MW/0.1Hz Measures how much generation will increase and/or load will decrease. Therefore, no matter how it is presented, it is mathematically (positive/negative)

Back 43

Negative.

It may be presented either way, but it needs to be calculated as a negative number.

Front 44

Each Balancing Authority shall operate its Automatic Generation Control (AGC) on _________________ unless such operation is adverse to system or Interconnection reliability.

Back 44

Tie Line Frequency Bias

Front 45

A Balancing Authority must notify its Reliability Coordinator if it is unable to calculate its ACE for more than...

Back 45

30 minutes

Front 46

The Balancing Authority shall ensure that data acquisition for and calculation of ACE will occur at least every...

Back 46

6 seconds

Front 47

Inadvertent Interchange is...

Back 47

Equal to Net Actual Interchange minus Net Scheduled Interchange

Front 48

Each BA shall review its Frequency Bias Setting by...

Back 48

Jan. 1 of each year (OR once annually)

Front 49

The Frequency Bias Setting for every 0.1 Hz change in frequency needs to be...

Back 49

1% of the estimated yearly peak demand (for a BA serving native load) -OR- 1% of its estimated Maximum generation level (for a BA not serving native load)

Front 50

Regulating reserves are used for.... (3 reasons)

Back 50

• load forecasting errors

• system tie-line needs

• frequency regulation

Front 51

Spinning and Non-Spinning Reserves are used for...

Back 51

Contingency Reserves

Front 52

Contingency Reserve

Back 52

Reserved resources to meet generation needs in the event of generator or transmission forced outages and system disturbances

Front 53

Contingency reserves can be supplied from...

Back 53

• additional generation • Controllable load resources • Coordinated adjustments to Interchange Schedules

Front 54

The Disturbance Recovery Period lasts _____ minutes

Back 54

15 (per the Disturbance Control Standard, or DCS)

Front 55

Generally, a 5% reduction in Voltage results in a ___% reduction in load

Back 55

3%

Front 56

When restoring load in an islanded system, it should be limited to blocks that are equal to ___% of the total online generator capacity.

Back 56

5%

example: if there is 800MW of total capacity online, the power should be restored in blocks no greater than 40 MW

Front 57

When restoring aad resynchronizing the interconnection, (high, low) voltage lines should be used because of their (high, low) impedance and (high, low) relay setting

Back 57

high voltage lines

low impedance

high relay setting

Front 58

Due to the importance of telemetered data, the System Operator needs to ensure the values are verified (Continuously, Every 10 minutes, Hourly, Daily).

Back 58

Continuously

Front 59

The Reliability Coordinator is required to comply with the Regional __________ Plan.

Back 59

Regional Reliability Plan

Front 60

When assessing the real-time performance and health of the Interconnection and Balancing Authority, the operator will look at the (a. ACE, Frequency) for the Balancing Authority and the (b. ACE, Frequency) for the Interconnection

Back 60

a: ACE

b: Frequency

Front 61

The ________ is responsible for resolving any outage scheduling of potential reliability conflicts.

Back 61

Reliability Coordinator

Front 62

An Operator must maintain (Spinning, Regulating, Black Start) Reserves for the Balancing Area to meet normal load fluctuations that occur on the system.

Back 62

Regulating

Front 63

If your system had a peak demand of equal to or greater than 3,000 MW last year, the loss of (50, 100, 200, 300) MW of firm load would require a report to be filed.

Back 63

300 MW

Front 64

Voltages should be held at ___% to ____% of Nominal during system restoration

Back 64

90% to 110%

Front 65

A system voltage reduction of ___% or more must be reported to NERC (as in the voltage is reduced by the operator, not to be confused with voltage excursions)

Back 65

3%

Front 66

NERC requires a report for voltage excursions of +/- (3, 5, 10)% for a time period more than (1, 5, 15, 30) minutes

Back 66

+/-10% , 15 minutes

Front 67

Black Start capabilities should be verified by (simulation, periodic testing, estimation)

Back 67

Periodic testing

Front 68

Synchroscopes are calibrated in units of (megawatts, volts, degrees, frequency)

Back 68

degrees

Front 69

In the Eastern and Western Interconnections, an event or contingency that creates a loss equal to or greater than (500, 1000, 2000, 5000) MW of generation requires a report per the NERC Event Reporing requirements.

Back 69

2000 MW

Front 70

Load Reduction plans have to be able to be implemented in ____ minutes.

Back 70

30

Front 71

Each Reliability Coordinator must be aware of the restoration plans for the _____________.

Back 71

Transmission Operators

Front 72

The Reliability Coordinator is required to perform a real-time assessment every _____ minutes.

Back 72

30

Front 73

The ____________ is responsible for confirming and implementing interchange schedules

Back 73

Balancing Authority

Front 74

When operating in Tie-Line Bias mode, the ________ is not needed for calculating ACE.

Back 74

voltage

Front 75

If the telemetry for several large generators have failed, data that represents (MVAR, load, MW) will be incorrect.

Back 75

load

Front 76

Open-ended transmission lines experience their highest voltages at the (open, closed, middle) end of the line due to the Ferranti Effect.

Back 76

Open

Front 77

If an event occurs on the Interconnection that causes a system frequency excursion, who is responsible for returning the frequency to normal

Back 77

The Balancing Authority that caused the frequency excursion

Front 78

The purpose of the generator reactive capability curve is to identify safe _____________ limits

Back 78

thermal loading

Front 79

Are shunt reactors a source or sink for reactive power?

Back 79

They are a sink for reactive power

Front 80

Frequency information should be gathered from (various, random, selected) locations and monitored in the control center

Back 80

selected

Front 81

Each SOL and/or IROL violation shall be reported to the regional Council and NERC Compliance Subcommittee within _______ of the event

Back 81

72 hours

Front 82

The (Source, Intermediate, Sink) Balancing Authority is responsible for the tagging of all bilateral inadvertent interchange payback

Back 82

Sink

Front 83

CPS1 is calculated every ____ minute(s) and CPS2 is calculated every ___ minute(s)

Back 83

CPS1: every 1 minute

CPS2: every 10 minutes

Front 84

Each Balancing Authority or Reserve Sharing Group must review its contingencies on a/an (quarterly, semiannual, annual, biannual) basis.

Back 84

annual

Front 85

Relay schemes should be designed so that automatic re-closing during _________ conditions does not occur.

Back 85

out-of-step

Front 86

Dynamic thermal ratings are ratings that limit transmission line loading based upon ...

Back 86

current temperature and wind speed.