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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Laser is an acronym for what?
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Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
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What is thermal relaxation time?
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The time needed for 50% of the heat to dissipate
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What skin types are the best candidates for laser skin resurfacing?
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Fitzpatrick types I and II, with fine to medium wrinkles
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At which wavelength does the CO2 laser operate?
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10,600 nm
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What is the chromophore for the CO2 laser?
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Water
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What is the main side effect of the CO2 laser?
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Erythema for 2-4 months
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What wrinkles can be treated with a CO2 laser?
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fine and deeper wrinkles
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At which wavelength does the Er:YAG laser operate?
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2940 nm
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What is the chromophore for the Er:YAG laser?
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water
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Which laser can be used on areas of very thin skin (like dorsum of hand)?
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Er:YAG laser
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The Er:YAG laser is best for which type of wrinkles?
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fine, superficial wrinkles (lunchtime peel)
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What are the main side effects of the Er:YAG laser?
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erythema for 2-4 weeks, bleeding
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Why does bleeding occur with the Er:YAG laser, but not the CO2 laser?
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The Er:YAG laser is not a coagulating laser
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What are the major absorption peaks for hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin chromophores?
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500-1000 nm
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Laser therapy is the treatment of choice for which vascular malformations?
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Capillary vascular malformations
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Which lasers are useful for skin resurfacing?
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Er:YAG laser and CO2
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Which lasers are useful for treatment of vascular lesions?
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Pulsed dye and KTP
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Which lasers are useful for treatment of pigmented skin lesions?
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Q-switched ruby, Q-switched alexandrite, Nd:YAG, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG, and copper bromide (or copper vapor)
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Which lasers are useful for removal of red and orange tattoos?
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Q-switched Nd:YAG and pulsed dye
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Which lasers are useful for removal of all tattoo colors except red and orange?
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Q-switched Alexandrite, Q-switched ruby
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Which lasers are useful for hair removal?
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Long-pulse ruby, long-pulse alexandrite, intense pulsed- light
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Which lasers are useful for tattoo removal except red, orange and green?
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Q-switched Nd:YAG
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What are the most common adverse effects of laser tattoo removal?
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multiple treatments usually necessary, may need more than one laser to target all pigments, hypopigmentation, incomplete removal
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What are the most common adverse effects of laser hair removal?
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requires several treatments, transient erythema, hypopigmentation
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What is the most commonly used laser for capillary malformations (and is also used for telangiectasias)?
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Flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser
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At what wavelength does the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser operate?
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585nm
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What is the mechanism of action of the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser?
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Light absorbed by hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin heats vessels to over 60 C for 1 ms causing endothelial cell contraction and vessel ablation
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What is the major side effect of the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser?
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purpura for 2-3 weeks
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At what wavelength does the KTP laser operate?
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532 nm
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What is the main advantage of the KTP laser over the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser?
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purpura rarely occur
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Why is the Argon laser now rarely used in the treatment of vascular malformations?
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High incidence of hypertrophic scarring and hypopigmentation
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How do lasers remove tattoos?
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Rapidly pulsed laser energy (Q-switched mode) penetrates to the level of the papillary dermis and heats particles until they explode. The smaller particles are removed by phagocytosis.
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How long should you wait between treatments for laser tattoo removal?
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3 weeks (the time it takes for phagocytosis to clear debris from last treatment)
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What happens if tattoos with metal-containing pigments are treated by laser?
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black discoloration instead of removal
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What is the targeted chromophore with laser hair removal?
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Melanin
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What is the main side effect of laser hair removal?
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Hypopigmentation (melanin is the targeted chromophore)
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The laser can remove hair follicles in which phase of the growth cycle?
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anagen
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What is the typical regrowth rate after laser hair removal?
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10%
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What is the safest way to removed hair for darker skin colors?
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EpiLight (590-1200 nm)
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What laser can be used for hair restoration?
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CO2 laser can be used to create micrograft recipient incisions
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What laser can be used to treat acne scarring?
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Er:YAG
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How long do you wait after isotretinoin (Accutane) treatment before attempting laser acne scar tretment
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1 year
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How does isotretinoin (accutane) affect laser skin resurfacing?
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Impairs re-epithelialization
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What are the 4 absolute contraindications to laser resurfacing?
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keloids, scleroderma, lupus, isotretinoin (Accutane) use within the previous year
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Name some relative contraindications to laser resurfacing.
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smoking, previous resurfacing, diabetes, prior skin irradiation, active acne, hypertrophic scarring, skin hypersensitivity, pigmentation disorders
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