Language Techniques And Their Effects

Front 1

Alliteration

Back 1

Most often used to draw attention to a particular point.
Also can set the mood by using onomatopoeia.

Front 2

Anecdotes

Back 2

Anecdotes are used to provide a real life incident to support your case. Anecdotes place an idea in the minds of the audience that facts cannot.
Also makes the bigger story seem more believable (reality) which gives the writer authority.

Front 3

Attacks

Back 3

Displays faults of the opposition for the audience to realise and seperate themselves from.

Front 4

Clichés

Back 4

Helps the reader to feel familiar with the material presented and often conveys meaning in an economical way.

Front 5

Connotations

Back 5

Connotations can be used simply throughout a speech to add extra meaning and force. The audience picks up the connotations and it affects their judgment.

Front 6

Emotive Language

Back 6

The use of emotive language allows no room for the possibility of any other opinion and can therefore emotionally manipulate the reader to agree.
Also shows that the writer cares...persuasive.

Front 7

Evidence (facts/statistics)

Back 7

This is a rational method of persuasion. It cannot be argued against. The main effect is to improve the validity or authority of the argument.
This gives the writer power as they have proven that they have (a lot of) knowledge on the subject/they're an expert so the writing becomes more believable.

Front 8

Inclusive Pronouns

Back 8

This type of language engages the audience because of its friendly tone. It directly involved us in the debate - we cannot sit back.
Also it can soften the tone as it is like you're on the side of the writer, 'we' 'our'.

Front 9

Metaphor

Back 9

This technique aims to create an image in the reader's mind that helps to make the point being argued graphic, striking and more easily understood.

Front 10

Expert Opinion

Back 10

Adds authority and substance to the argument. Persuades the audience members who are more rationally inclined than emotionally inclined by demonstrating that the writer is not just pushing his/her beliefs on others.

Front 11

Hyperbole

Back 11

This is used to make an issue seem even more important and dramatic than it is.
This is used to shock the reader then let them find what they do (more likely to act on it).
This also is used to make the reader continue reading.

Front 12

Puns

Back 12

This is done to keep the reader interested and reading.

Front 13

Reason and Logic

Back 13

By achnowledging both sides, the writer can present logical reasons why one side is more convincing than another.

Front 14

Repetition

Back 14

Simple construction that strengthens the force of a point. It emphasises a point to express its importance and also makes it stick in the reader's mind.

Front 15

Rhetorical Questions

Back 15

Forces audiences to engage and then to agree to the only implied answer.

Front 16

Tone

Back 16

Tone reflects the writer's attitudes or emotions towards their subject matter or audience. Changes of tone are important as they signal a new direction, reflecting a shift in attitude or feeling that affects the reader.

Front 17

Adjectives

Back 17

Helps the reader to picture (creates imagery) and understand by using it to something they're familiar with.

Front 18

Direct address

Back 18

This makes the feel involved and helps them build an opinion.

Front 19

Exclusive pronoun

Back 19

Isolates a person/subject: he/you.

Front 20

Humour/Irony

Back 20

Softens the mood on maybe a serious story/topic so the reader still feels engaged.

Front 21

Imperatives

Back 21

'Bossy' verbs - give no choice, establishes the writer's authority.

Front 22

Informal language

Back 22

Chatty, friendly tone to make the reader feel on a 'personal level' with the writer and thus are more likely to believe the writing - unless used inappropriately - opposite effect.

Front 23

Lists

Back 23

This makes the reader trust the writer as it seems they have thought everything.

Front 24

Modal verbs

Back 24

Gives the reader choice, more gentle, advice. Writer has less authority.

Front 25

Opinions

Back 25

Can argue a point which engages the reader and triggers an idea or response.

Front 26

Rhythm and rhyme

Back 26

Feels pleasant to read; the flow feels natural. Can feel hypnotic to reader - to persuade.

Front 27

Semantic field

Back 27

Re-enforces message.

Front 28

Simile

Back 28

Helps the reader picture and understand what is being described by comparing it to something the reader is familiar with. Increases understanding.

Front 29

Standard English

Back 29

Plain, easy to understand and engages the reader.

Front 30

Superlatives

Back 30

Convincing to reader - persuasive.

Front 31

Technical language

Back 31

Interesting for reader.
Inclusive if the reader understands.
Exclusive if they don't understand (jargon).