Language Functions Of The Brain

Front 1

Five anatomically defined large-scale networks are most relevant to clinical practice:

Back 1

1. Perisylvian network for language
2. Parietofrontal network for spatial cognition
3. Occipitotemporal network for face and object recognition
4. Limbic network for retentive memory.
5. Prefrontal network for cognitive and behavioral control

Front 2

The primary brain areas concerned with language are arrayed along and near the __ of the 'categorical' hemisphere.

Back 2

sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus)

Front 3

Receiving, understanding, and expressing information, feelings and idea.

Back 3

communication

Front 4

In the model of speech production, cognition involves __.

Back 4

idea

Front 5

In the model of speech production, language involves __ (3).

Back 5

word retrieval; phonological mapping; syntactic framing

Front 6

In the model of speech production, motor speech production involves __ (3).

Back 6

sensorimotor planning; sensorimotor programming; sensorimotor execution

Front 7

The symbolic representation of thoughts (spoken, written, signed)

Back 7

language

Front 8

Rules governing the ways in which the sounds of language are organized.

Back 8

phonology

Front 9

An example of __ is the ks sound in English can occur in the middle or end of a word, but not at the beginning.

Back 9

phonology

Front 10

Rules governing how words are formed.

Back 10

morphology

Front 11

An example of __ is grammatic endings which change the tense (play, plays, played)

Back 11

morphology

Front 12

Rules governing the meaning of words and combinations.

Back 12

semantics

Front 13

An example of __ is pen=an instrument containing ink and used for writing.

Back 13

semantics

Front 14

Rules governing how words are combined to form sentences.

Back 14

sytax

Front 15

An example of __ is: "Off the boat got goat" is not a good grammatic sentence.

Back 15

syntax

Front 16

Rules governing the use of language in the context

Back 16

pragmatics

Front 17

An example of __ is an appropriate initiation of the speech and changing topics.

Back 17

pragmatics

Front 18

__ involves sequential-analytic processes (language and analytical reasoning)

Back 18

categorical hemisphere

Front 19

__ involves visuospatial relations (identification of objects by their form, recognition of faces, recognition of musical themes)

Back 19

representational hemisphere

Front 20

What side of the brain is generally associated with language specialization?

Back 20

left

Front 21

How is handedness probably determined?

Back 21

genetically

Front 22

The __ hemisphere is the dominant or categorical hemisphere for most right-handed individuals.

Back 22

left

Front 23

The __ hemisphere is the categorical hemisphere for most left-handed individuals.

Back 23

left

Front 24

Learning disabilities such as dyslexia are 12 times more common in __ handed individuals.

Back 24

left

Front 25

Spatial talents of __ handers may be well above average (artists, musicians, mathematicians)

Back 25

left

Front 26

The speech area of the adult cortex is larger on the __ than on the right.

Back 26

left

Front 27

The hemispheres of the newborn likely have __ capabilities.

Back 27

equipotential

Front 28

This area of the brain involves output for spoken language, formation of words, connections with adjacent primary motor areas (controls muscles of larynx, mouth, tongue, soft palate, and respiratory muscles), and ordering of words (syntax)

Back 28

Broca's Area

Front 29

This area of the brain is located in the posterior/superior portion of the superior temporal gyrus, surrounding the primary auditory cortex. It is involved in spoken word comprehension. It receives fibers from the visual cortex and the auditory cortex. It permits the understanding of the written and spoken language and enables a person to read a sentence, understand it, and say it out loud.

Back 29

Wernicke's Area

Front 30

This area of the brain is known as the superior longitudinal fasciculus. It connects Wernicke's Area to Broca's Area and is important for repeating and speaking a written word.

Back 30

Arcuate Fasciculus

Front 31

This area of the brain is adjacent to Broca's Area, and the primary and secondary areas controlling the movement of the hand and fine finger movements. It is the FCP where linguistic impulses receive a final motoric stamp for the purposes of writing. It is dependent on Broca's area.

Back 31

Exner's Area

Front 32

This area of the brain is adjacent to visual receptive areas. It involves perception of written language, as well as other language processing functions.

Back 32

Angular Gyrus

Front 33

Lesions to this area divide the pathway between the visual association area and the anterior part of Wernicke's area resulting in patient having alexia or agraphia.

Back 33

Angular Gyrus

Front 34

This area of the brain has the function of relaying somatosensory information. It lies beneath the lateral fissure and is important in language function and swallowing.

Back 34

Insula