Language Features And Their Effects

Front 1

The ends of words usually have the same sound, Usually at the end of lines within poetry, but can be internal (Within the sentence)

Back 1

Rhyme

Effect; Makes the text more memorable, and can make poems amusing. Can tie together the middle and end of verses

Hint 1

That second day they hunted me

from hill to plain, from shore to sea.

Then billy who was silly

Almost every other day

Front 2

A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

Back 2

Rhythm

Makes the text as a whole flow better and makes it more memorable.

Hint 2

I went to town to buy a phone.

on the rad there's a girl with a bike

Front 3

Repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words - usually close in succsession

Back 3

Alliteration

Makes small sections of the text hang together and flow better. Draws attention to this phrase. creates a harder or softer mood in line with the meaning (hard consonants are b d k p q t, soft are f h j l m n r s v w y z, while c and g can be either soft or hard)

Hint 3

Having heard the song, he sang it softly

There came a ghost to Mary's door

with many a grievous groan.

Front 4

Vowel sounds are repeated at the beginning or middle of nearby words.

Back 4

Assonance

Makes small sections of the text hang together and flow better. Draws attention to this phrase. Repetition of vowels generally gives a soft, quiet, calm mood unless the sounds are the short vowels, e.g. in cat, pet, pin, off, cup.

Hint 4

Her early leaf's a flower

But only so an hour.

There were excited bursts and

swerves as the cattle stampeeded

Front 5

A group of sounds is repeated throughout a sentence or a group of lines in poem, not just at the beginnings of words.

Back 5

Sound clusters

These create a "wall of sound" with a number of repeated sounds, not just one type. They usually create a particular mood by using a number of hard or soft sounds, rather than a combination of the two.

Hint 5

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness...

I love to see the cottage smoke curl upwards though the trees.

Front 6

Words that sound like the sounds they name.

Back 6

Onomatopoeia

This helps us hear the actual sound being named and therefore we understand it properly or it transports us to the place of the sound.

Hint 6

There came a furious woofing from the seals

The brrrrring of the alarm woke him.

Front 7

Repeating the same or nearly the same words for effect.

Back 7

Repetition

This is used to emphasize whatever is being said or written, or to mimic repetition in nature.

Hint 7

"Come on! Come on!" she shouted. "We're late!"

Front 8

Using the same word class order twice (in same or two sentances)

Back 8

Parallel construction

Provides rhythm while it expands the detail of the description and creates balance.

Hint 8

Into the valley, through the marsh, rode the hunting pair.

Front 9

Repeating three times a group of words which have the same pattern of word classes. Each may or may not start with the same word/s.

Back 9

Triple parallel construction.

Same as Parallel construction, but the triplet provides finality or closure along with the sense of balance.

Hint 9

...that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the face of this earth.

Front 10

An image which compares two things using like or as.

Back 10

Simile

All imagery gives the thing being described the characteristics of something else. It therefore enlivins descriptions by helping us to see these things in a new light- in a way we may have never seen or thought about them before.

Hint 10

The black smoke rose like a wizard's tower, spiraling into the sky.

Front 11

An image that compares two things without using like or as

Back 11

Metaphor

All imagery gives the thing being described the characteristics of something else. It therefore enlivins descriptions by helping us to see these things in a new light- in a way we may have never seen or thought about them before.

Metaphors are more compact and tighter in their comparative descriptions than similes.

Hint 11

The fireworks were sparkling flowers exploding in the night sky.

Front 12

An image which gives human qualities to non human things.

Back 12

Personification

makes inanimate objects seem more lively and lifelike while it also contributes to our sense of oneness with these objects

Hint 12

Raindrops danced on the pavement.

The night hung out a multitude of lanterns to guide the travellers.

Front 13

Using more unusual/specialized/technical words.

Back 13

Choice of words (Vocabulary)

Sometimes, more unusual words provide more meaning than common words. specialized or technical words can make the writer seem like they know their stuff.

Hint 13

The wind moaned, a low pitched, unutterably eerie threnody (sad song)

Front 14

using informal language, usually in direct speech.

Back 14

Use of Slang

Develops characters and can place them in certain time periods. Also can show the formal or informal setting the character is in.

Hint 14

"Hey, guys, why don't we cut loose tonight and paint the town red."

Front 15

Quoting or repeating spoken words

Back 15

Use of direct or indirect speech.

Makes the character come alive, We can "hear" the the way s/he speaks.

Hint 15

"Come over here!" Jack yelled, then proceeded to tell us all how he he'd one the melbourne cup pool in his office.

Front 16

Generally used in direct speech but may also be used in autobiography for a particular effect.

Back 16

Use of incorrect grammar.

Creates an image of the character - helps to define their personality and place them in a particular educational background or social class. Provides authenticity to your writing.

Hint 16

"I sure do hate them telemarketer types, always callin at dinner time."

Front 17

Word play used involving the use of a word with two meanings or two words that sound the same but mean different things.

Often used in advertising.

Back 17

Pun

Provokes amusement and therefore a tendancy for the reader to feel good about the advertisement or product and be more likely to buy it.

If used by a character, shows the character is rather witty and clever.

Hint 17

A carton of eggs reads, "Eggcelent source of protein!"

Saying "Eggcelent" sounds a lot like excellent, and Eggcelent has the word egg within it, which is the product they are advertising.

Rather punny isn't it?

Front 18

Deliberate exaggeration.

Back 18

Hyperbole

Used to get a point across. Also helps illustrate the mood of the speaker/writer.

Hint 18

"I've told you a thousand times, Clean your room!"

Front 19

Deliberate understatement

Back 19

Litotes

Shows the feelings/emotions that the character is feeling and illustrates something of the speaker/writer.

Hint 19

"Well, I was sure brassed off when she walked out on me"

Front 20

The use of more adjectives to give more information about the adverbs and the verb

Back 20

Use of multiple adjectives.

Builds up a very full picture of the object or activity so that it becomes very clear in the readers mind. Helps the reader know precisely what is happening.

Hint 20

Slowly, stealthily, the wind was bringing up a swell.

Front 21

These have only one complete verb, though there may be more than one or more incomplete verbs.

Back 21

Simple sentences

Used to establish a single idea. Often used as topic sentences, making clear what the paragraph is about or marking a change in place or topic

Hint 21

passing the school, we saw the flames pouring out of the office.

Front 22

These have a minimum of two complete verbs and each part of the sentence can stand on it's own

Back 22

Compound sentences

Used to get across two main ideas with supporting evidence.

Hint 22

We danced all night, then climbed the hill to watch the sun rise.

Front 23

These sentences have a minimum of two complete verbs; the part of the sentence which has one of these cannot stand on its own, is called a subordinate clause.

Back 23

Complex sentences

Used to provide explanations and other more detailed information about the idea expressed within the main clause.

Hint 23

Although the sky was overcast, no snow fell that night.

Front 24

A question that does not expect an answer from the reader or audience.

Back 24

Rhetorical Question

To get the attention of the reader/audience and make them think about the answer before giving the answer

Hint 24

So, What could result from such a ridiculous plan? Chaos, that's what.

Front 25

This is the verb used alone, without noun or pronoun, can be used with adverbs or other word classes.

Back 25

Use of Command.

To catch people's attention. We are socially conditioned to obey commands, so the speaker may get some affirmative response.

Hint 25

Oi you! Stop! Come here, sit down, and listen.

Front 26

Use of a concrete noun to represent some emotion or belief or other abstract noun

Back 26

Symbolism

These are a form of shorthand emotions, they use objects to represent non object things, this provides the reader with a visual aide-memoir - Something that conjures up certain memories and/or emotions when they see or read the symbol.

Hint 26

an olive branch represents peace, A hart shape represents love. things like that. However they could be more complex and individual to an author, like the color yellow in Breaking Bad, represents something bad is going to occur.

Front 27

Use of less objectionable or harsh expression to avoid upsetting or offending people

Back 27

Euphemism

Amusement in the reader, or revealing of the character using the euphemism. (kindhearted, sarcastic or squeamish depending on the context used)

Hint 27

She was vertically challenged

His wife passed away

Front 28

Objects/reasons/parts of a whole, etc. are listed - in text, usually with commas separating them; can also be bullet points.

Back 28

Listing

shows the extent of or emphasizes the topic/object/event being discussed/described; shows the authors wide knowledge of the topic.

Hint 28

we gave him access to the best biomedical treatment, conditioning, nutrition, physiology and psychology to make him the best he can be.

Front 29

New word - an invented word

Back 29

Neologism

Newness/novelty/difference from "ordinary" words makes it stand out and makes the reader remember them.

Hint 29

Radar, Nylon, Thermos

Front 30

Choice of words which have specifically intended emotional effects or are intended to invoke an emotional response in the reader.

Back 30

Emotive Vocabulary

The attitudes of the author are transferred or made clear to the reader.

Hint 30

There was a clammy self-congratulating illiteracy of the heart, drooling from every word.

Front 31

Unkind humour directed against what the writer/speaker dislikes or doesn't agree with

Back 31

Sarcasm

The attitudes of the author are transferred or made clear to the reader. usually in a negative manner, such as with disdain or contempt toward an idea or object.

Hint 31

...fluff filled catalouges...

Front 32

Saying the opposite of what you mean.

Back 32

Irony

The attitude of the author are transferred or made clear to the reader. the intent is likely not as offensive or filled with contempt, but the author may still feel strongly on the subject.

Hint 32

Cultural icons, Like McDonald's car parks.

Front 33

Using words of opposite meaning close together

Back 33

Contrast

Strengthens each aspect of contrast by showing the differences.

Also used to emphasize a difference or an idea.

Hint 33

The sun warms on a bitterly cold day.

Front 34

Use of numbers/statistics

Back 34

Use of numbers/ statistics

A statistic can give the impression that the writer/speaker is authoritative and knowledgeable.

Hint 34

Thousands of people died, and tens of thousands were made homeless by the storm.

Front 35

The words (or image) of a famous person or celebrity are used.

Back 35

Use of authority figures

the reader/viewer aspires to share the goals and/or wear the products of the personality to be more like them.

Hint 35

Usain Bolt loves chicken nuggets from McDonalds!

Front 36

reference to another work

Back 36

Allusion

Adds another dimension to the text by introducing material from our external knowlage

Hint 36

Wagner's Ride of the Valkyries plays during Apocalypse now

Front 37

direct use of another's words (written or spoken)

Back 37

Quotation

A quotation will add some of the authority the original author to the current speaker/writer

Hint 37

Churchill famously said, "We will fight them on the beaches..."