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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Meaning unit that can't occur alone but must be joined to a free morpheme; generally includes grammatical tags or markers that are derivational, such as -ly, -er, -ment or inflectional, such as -ed or -s
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Bound morpheme
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Meaning unit that can occur alone, sug as dog, chair, run, and fast
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Free morphemes
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Smallest unit of meaning; indivisible (dog) without violating the meaning or producing meaningless units, (do, g). There are two types of morphemes, free and bound.
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morpheme
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Smallest linguistic unit of sound, each with distinctive features, that can signal a difference in meaning when modified
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phoneme
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Aspect of language concerned with the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech-sound patterns.
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phonology
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A code whereby ideas about the world are represented through a conventional system of arbitrary signals for the purpose of communication
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language
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Organizational rues specifying word order, sentce organization, and word relationships
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syntax
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Aspect of language concerned with rules governing the meaning or content of words or grammatical units.
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semantics
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Autiobiographical and experiential understanding and memory of events reflecting personal and cultural interpretations
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world knowledge
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Perceptual or functional apsects of meaning that characterize a word
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semantic features
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Linguistic intuitions on the acceptability of communication
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metalinguistic cues
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Aspect of language concerned with rules governing change in meaning at the intraword level
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morphology
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Language rule system of an identifiable group that varies from the rule system of an ideal standard
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dialects
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Verbal word and symbol definitions
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word knowledge
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Basic unit of communication; an intentional, verbally encoded message that includes the speaker's intentions, the speaker's meaning, the message's meaning, and the listener's interpretation.
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speech act
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Long strings of sounds that children begin to produce at about four months of age
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babbling
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Head to foot development progession
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cephalocaudal
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Immediate, whole or partial vocal imitation of another speaker; characterizes the child's speech beginning at about eight months
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echolalia
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Expressions that use words or phrases in an impression or represent an abstract concept, can't be interpreted literally.
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figurative language
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Strings of unintelligible speech sounds with the intonational pattern of adult speech
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jaron
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Individual dictionary of each person containing words and the underlying concepts of each. The lexicon is dynamic, changing with experience
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lexion
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Cortical area of the left frontal lobe of the brain responsible for detailing and coordinating the programming of speech movements
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Broca's area
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Partial resonance of speech sounds found in neonates
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quasi-resonant nuclei
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Long strings of consonant-vowel syllable repetition, such as ba-ba-ba-ba-ba, that appear in the vocal play of six to seven month old infants
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reduplicated babbling
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Long strings of nonidentical syllables that appear in the vocal play of some eight to ten month old infants
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variegated babbling
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Area located in the auditory cortex of each hemisphere of the brain that receives incoming auditory signals from the inner ear
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Heschl's gyrus
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Language-processing area of the brain, located in the left temporal lobe; responsible for organizing the underlying structure of outgoing messsages and analyzing incoming linguistic information
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Wernicke's area
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Memory in which information is held while being processed
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working memory
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Process of reorganizing cognitive structures or schemes or creating new schemes in response to external stimuli that don't fit into any available scheme
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accommodation
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Process by which external stimuli are incorporated into existing cognitive structures or schemes.
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assimilation
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Theory that the experiences of speakers of different languages vary; that groups with the same language think in the same manner.
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linguistic relativism
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Process of maintaining information within the long-term memory; repetition, drill, or pracitce.
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rehearsal
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Entity that represents another entity containing similar features. Ex: a word is a symbol or the entity it represents
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symbol
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Process of breaking a speech stream into analyzable units by detecting end points or divisions through the use of intonational cues.
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bracketing
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Process of breaking speech stream into analyzable units based on predictability of syllables and phoneme structures
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clustering
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Shared action sequences of mother and child, often routines. Provide for many scripts
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joint action
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Vocal interactions between mother and infants that resemble the verbal exchanges of more mature conversations.
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protoconversation
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Scaffolding or predictable structure of an event that provides "slots" for participation and aids comprehension.
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script
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Differentiation of one entity from many; noting the presence of a single object, action, or event for one's communication partner.
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referencing
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Process of learning language in which the child uses what he or she knows to decode more mature language.
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bootstrapping
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Style of talking used most often by white middle-class American mothers when addressing their eighteen to twenty-four month old toddlers.
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motherese
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Toddler language-learning strategy in which the child attempts to learn the name of an entity by asking What? That? or Waassat?
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interrogative utterance
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The number of possible words that differ by one phoneme and a factor characteristic in shaping a child's emerging lexical system.
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neighborhood density
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Process in which a child applies a word's meaning to more exemplars than an adult would. The child's definition is too braod and is thus beyond acceptable adult usage
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overextension
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Process in which a child applies a word meaning to fewer exemplars than an adult would. The child's definition is too restrictive and more limited than in adults usage
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underextension
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Grammatical mechanism that notifies the listener that the speaker is referring to a previous reference.
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anaphoric reference
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The linking of entities in a narrative to form a story necleus. Links may be baesd on similarity or complementarity of features, sequences, or causality.
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centering
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Narrative form consisting of a sequence of events that share attributes and lead directly from one to antoher.
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chaining
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Process of using the speaker's perspective as a reference. Ex: seen in words such as this, that, here, there, me, and you.
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deixis
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Conversational device of omitting redundant information
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elipsis
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Consists of self-generated story; familliar tale, retelling of a movie, television show, or preiviously heard or seen story; and pesronal experience recounting
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narrative
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Situationally influenced language variations, such as motherese.
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register
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Group of words containing a subject and the accompanying verb; used as a sentence (independent clause) or attached to an indedpendent clause (dependent clause)
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clause
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Form of the verb to be as a main verb. Signifies a relationship between the subject and a predicate adjective
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copula
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Placing a phrase or dependent clause within a phrase or clause
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emedding
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Process of inserting a vowel sound where none is required.
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epenthesis
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Auxillary or helping verb used to express mood or attitude, such as ability (can), permission (may), intention (will), possibility (might), and obligation (must)
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modal auxillary
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Clause that can't occur alone but functions in support of the main clause
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subordinate clause
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Sentence consisting of two or more main clauses
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compound sentence1
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Joining two or more main clauses with a conjunction
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conjoining
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Process of moving from one dimensional descriptions of entities and events to coordinated multiattributedal ones
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decentration
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Aspect of linguistic processing that enables the user to think about language in the abstract and/or out of context and to make judgements about the appropriateness or correctness of language.
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metalinguistic
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Term used to refer to changes in sound production related to meaning changes
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morphophonemic
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Consideration of phonology at a conscious level, including syllabification; sound identification, manipulation, segmentation, and bleding; needed for for the development of reading
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phonologic awareness
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Vocabulary of a dominant language used by speakers of a nondominant one with little or no grammatical structure.
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pidgin
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One member of a word class used to the exclusion of all others.
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archiform
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Grammar and structure from two or more languages used as a single language system
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creole
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