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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Methods of studying word recognition
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naming task
eye tracking lexical decision task priming |
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Factors affecting recognition
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word lenth
word frequency context neighbourhood effect |
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Morton's logogen model
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Auditory and visual analysis->Logogen system (input and output cognitive system) -> Response buffer-> Response
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Improvement in performance by word superiority
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Wheeler/Reicher
10% |
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McCelland and Rumelhart
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Interactive actication model
feature, letter, word detector Excitatory connections when consistent Inhibitory connections when inconsistent |
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Dual route model
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Direct lexical route for high frequency words. Phonological dyslexics only use this route and have trouble reading new and non-words (can't sound it out)
Indirect route by grapheme to phoneme conversion. Surface dyslexics only use this route and have trouble with unusually spelt words and homophones |
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Perceptual processes
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Recognise words in a sentence
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Lexical access
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Provides syntactic and semantic knowledge to determine what kind of word and what it means
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Parsing
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Syntactic and semantic combination rules used to group words meaningfully
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Pragmatics
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Determine meaning intended in context
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2 types of syntactic (how grouped/structured) ambiguity
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Global-remains ambiguous
Temporary-resolved as read on |
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Garden path theory
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Simplest structure chosen by minimal attatchment and late closure
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Macdonald et al
Constraint satisfaction |
Context
Plausibility General world knowledge Verb bias |
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van Gompel, Pickering, Traxler
Unrestricted race model |
Mixture of garden path and constraint satisfaction
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Meaning of a sentence by (3)
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Non-literal language
Context and world -knowledge Shallow processing |
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Theories of fgurative language processing
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Standard pragmatic view (literal meaning accessed first then ironic meaning calcculated, literal suppressed)
Direct access view (ironic meaning accessed without literal meaning) Graded salience hypothesis (well-known ironies use direct access but unfamiliar by standard pragmatic) |
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Logical inferences
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Depend only on the meaning of words e.g. widow
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Bridging inferences
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Establish coherence between current and preceding part of text
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Elaborative inference
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Embellish or add details using world knowledge
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Readers construct a relatively complete mental model by making inferences while reading
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Constructivist approach
Brandford Barclay and Franks |
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Inferences either automatic or strategic (goal related)
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Minimalist Hypothesis
Calvo Castillo and Schmalhofer |
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Event indexing, reader keeps track of (5)
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1. Protagonist-relationship between current and past central character
2. Temporality-relationship between present time and previous event 3. Causality-cause and effect of current and previous event 4. Spatiality-relationship between current and previous setting 5. Intentionality-relationship between currecnt goal and present events |
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Schemas
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Scrips-events and their consequences
Frames-structural information |
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Experimental simulations approach
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Action (Zwaan and Taylor) turn down volume
Perception (Zwaan Stanfield and Yaxley) Eagle in sky or branch Affect (Chen and Bargh) Push/pull lever for positive/negative stimuli (Havas Glenburg and Rinck) emotional state congruent with word |
