Language Analylsis Techniques

Front 1

Main Contention

Back 1

Used to give structure to an argument. allows the audience to have a clear idea what his stance is.

Front 2

Alliteration

Back 2

Most often used to draw attention to a particular point.

Front 3

Anecdotes

Back 3

Anecdotes are used to provide a real life incident to support your case. Anecdotes place an idea in the minds of the audience that facts cannot.

Front 4

Attacks

Back 4

Displays faults of the opposition for the audience to realise and seperate themselves from.

Front 5

Clichés

Back 5

Helps the reader to feel familiar with the material presented and often conveys meaning in an economical way.

Front 6

Connotations

Back 6

Connotations can be used simply throughout a speach to add extra meaning and force. The audience picks up the connotations and it affects their judgment.

Front 7

Appeal to a Sense of Justice

Back 7

Positions the reader quickly to be indignant at the apparent injustice. The writer wants the audience to be emotionally involved with the perceived injustice.

Front 8

Appeal to a Sense of Security

Back 8

Positions the reader to fear for their safety and be more susceptible to be persuaded.

Front 9

Appeal to being Modern and Up-to-date

Back 9

Consumers are constantly being urged to be up-to-date. Writers and advertisers manipulate readers' desire for status and acceptance b suggesting that ownership of the latest items secures there desires.

Front 10

Appeal to Family Values

Back 10

Traditional family structure is seen to create a stable society. Threats to this family structure are often equated with threats to society itself.

Front 11

Appeal to a Sense of Fear

Back 11

Fearful readers act like animals and look to someone to protect them or show them the way. In this vunerable state, they are easily persuaded.

Front 12

Appeal to Fear of Change

Back 12

Writers play on the desire for comfort, safety and routine in order to make people uneasy about embracing new ideas, developments, social changes and new ways of doing everyday tasks.

Front 13

Appeal to a Sense of Freedom

Back 13

People feel angry, indignant, cheated and protective of these rights, especially if they believe their freedom is threatened. This strong desire for freedom can leave people open to manipulation by those who aim to exploit it for own gain.

Front 14

Appeal to a Sense of Group Loyalty

Back 14

Group loyalty is used to unite a group in order to deal with the issue as one body. The audience is motivated to protect other members of this group.

Front 15

Appeal to Hip-Pocket Nerve

Back 15

Hip-pocket Nerve is used to appeal to the financial aspect. It is to show the audience how expensive the opposition is.

Front 16

Appeal to Patriotism

Back 16

Causes the audience to wish to protect their country's values, icons and land. Usually used in connection with fear. A larger scale Appeal to a Sense of Group Loyalty.

Front 17

Appeal to Self-interest

Back 17

This type of appeal usually provokes an immediate strong emotional response, such as indignation or outrage. Sometimes such appeals stir people to lobby for what they see to be a just resolution to an issue or cause.

Front 18

Appeal to a Sense of Tradition and Custom

Back 18

This appeal is often used to persuade persuade people that a failure to retain tradition or orbserve customs will result in the breakdown of social cohesion and a sense of community or even undermine our national identity and weaken moral values.

Front 19

Appeal to the Value of Technology

Back 19

This appeal aims to cause the audience to fear loss in efficiency, lack of progress and competitive edge and decrease in development if technology is not valued. It can also be used to combat techno-fear.

Front 20

Emotive Language

Back 20

The use of emotive language allows no room for the possibility of any other opinion and can therefore emotionally manipulate the reader to agree.

Front 21

Evidence

Back 21

This is a rational method of persuasion. It is the most powerful because it cannot be argued against. The main effect is to improve the validity or authority of the argument.

Front 22

Generalisations

Back 22

Simple and effective. It causes the audience to make an opinion about an generalised group, which makes it easier for the reader to pass judgment about the issue.

Front 23

Inclusive Language

Back 23

This type of language engages the audience because of its friendly tone. Inclusive language is often combined with appeals to community, family or patriotism. It directly involved us in the debate-we cannot sit back when a writer uses inclusive language

Front 24

Metaphor

Back 24

This Technique aims to create an image in the reader's mind that helps to make the point being argued graphic, striking and more easily understood.

Front 25

Expert Opinion

Back 25

Adds authority and substance to the argument. Persuades the audience members who are more rationally inclined than emotionally inclined by demonstrating that the writer is not just pushing his/her beliefs on others.

Front 26

Hyperbole

Back 26

This is used to make an issue seem even more important and dramatic than it is. This often used if the writer feels that the issue is not being dealt with appropriately.

Front 27

Puns

Back 27

This is done to keep the reader interested and reading.

Front 28

Reason and Logic

Back 28

By achnowledging both sides, the writer can present logical reasons why one side is more convincing than another.

Front 29

Repetition

Back 29

Simple construction that strengthens the force of a point.

Front 30

Rhetorical Questions

Back 30

Forces audiances to agree to the only implied answer.

Front 31

Tone

Back 31

Tone reflects the writer's attitudes or emotions towards their subject matter or audience. Changes of tone are important as they signal a new direction, reflecting a shift in attitude or feeling that affects the reader.