Reading...
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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main ways of teaching reading and how do they work?
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Whole word and phonics. Whole word matches entire words with meanings. Phonics breaks down the word into phonemes which provides the child with the skills to tackle new words on their own, whereas whole word method does not.
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What are the two types of the phonic method?
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Synthetic: this uses graphemes (symbols/actions) to show the sound of the phoneme. (Visual based).
Analytic: this breaks down the into phonemes. (Sound based). |
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What are the 6 main reading cues a child uses whilst learning to read?
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Graphaphonic, semantic, syntactic, contextual, miscue and visual.
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What is a graphaphonic cue?
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The child might miss a word or substitute a word for another one that looks similar.
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What is a semantic cue?
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The child searches for understanding in the situation of the story comparing it to their own experience or their pragmatic understanding of social conventions.
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What is a syntactic cue?
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The child looks at the pictures and uses the visual narrative to interpret unfamiliar words or ideas.
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What is a contextual cue?
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The child develops an understanding of the meanings of words and making connections between words in order to decode new ones.
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What is a miscue?
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The child applies knowledge of word order and word classes to work out if a word seems right in the context.
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What is a visual cue?
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The child looks at the shapes of words, linking these to familiar graphemes and words to interpret them.
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How are books developed to aid reading development?
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They include repetition, patterns and rhythm as part of easy and understandable sentence structure. The text is large and includes spoken language features and includes suggested values such as politeness. The book has bright colours, it stimulates other senses such as touch and smell and they are graphologically cohesive.
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What are Chall's 6 stages of reading development?
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Stage 0: Pre-reading.
Stage 1: Initial reading/decoding stage. Stage 2: Confirmation/fluency/ungluing for print. Stage 3: Reading for learning the new. Stage 4: Mulitiple viewpoints. Stage 5: Construction and reconstruction. |
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Describe stage 0: pre-reading stage of Chall's 6 stages of reading development.
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Stage 0: pre-reading. Happens from birth to age 6. The child accumulates knowledge about the alphabet, letters, words and books. They gain some insight into the nature of words: for example, that some sound the same at their endings and that the parts can be put together to form whole words.
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Describe stage 1: initial reading/decoding stage of Chall's 6 stages of reading development.
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Stage 1: initial reading/decoding. Happens from 6 to 7 years. It is about learning the sets of letters corresponds to parts of spoken words. This stage is when mistakes begin to become self-corrected. The stage provides knowledge on the nature of spelling.
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Describe stage 2: confirmation, fluency and ungluing from print stage of Chall's 6 stages of reading development.
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Stage 2: confirmation, fluency and ungluing from print. Happens from 7 to 8 years. A consolidation of knowledge. Reading more stories increases fluency and makes the child more comfortable. Stage 2 is not for learning new words, it is for confirming what the reader already knows. The reader can focus on the most common and high frequency words. The child gains courage and skill in using context and thus gain fluency and speed.
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Describe stage 3: reading for learning for the new stage is of Chall's 6 stages of reading development.
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Stage 3: Reading for learning the new. Happens from 9 to 14 years. The reading is more for learning new knowledge, information, thoughts and experiences. Materials tend to be basic with one viewpoint and limited in technical complexities as background knowledge is limited.
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Describe stage 4: multiple viewpoints of Chall's 6 stages of reading development.
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Stage 4: Multiple viewpoints. Happens from 14 to 18 years. Reading now deals with more than one point of view. Materials have a greater depth and variety.
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Describe stage 5: construction and reconstruction of Chall's stages of reading development.
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Stage 5: construction and reconstruction. Happens from 18 plus. This stage is the understanding of what and what not to read. The reader shows an awareness of the norms of different texts and has learn to read selectively and effectively.
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What does Skinner believe about reading development?
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Skinner believes that when a child is learning to read it is important that they have reinforcement from an adult or More Knowledgeable Other (MKO). The MKO needs to help children break down words, sound the words out and praise them once they get it right. This is essential in literacy developments.
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What did Frank Smith believe about reading development?
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He believes that children learn to talk by talking so therefore they should learn to read by reading. Reading should not be broken down into component parts of over simplified texts. He stated two basic needs that a reader must have.
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What are the two basic needs a reader must have?
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The availability of interesting material that makes sense to the reader.
An understanding of the text and a more experienced reader as a guide. |
