Language Acquisition

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Aspect of communicative competence that encompasses knowledge of lexical items and of rules of morphology, syntax, sentence level grammar, semantics, and phonology

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Grammatical Competence

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Ability to connect sentences in stretches of discourse and to form a meaningful whole out of a series of utterences

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Discourse Competence

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Ability to use or apply sociocultural rules of discourse in a language

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Sociolinguistic Discourse

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Ability to use strategies to compensate for imperfect knowledge of rules or performance limitations. The ability to acces a communicative context and plan and execute production responses to accomplish intended purposes

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Strategic Competence

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Ability to use rules and systems that dictate what we can do with the forms of language

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Organizational Competence

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Communicative behaviors used systematically to accomplish particular purposes

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Speech Acts

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The bits and pieces of language, such as morphemes, words, grammar rules, discourse rules, and other organizational elements of language

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Forms of Language

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Meaningful, interactive purposes within a social context that we accomplish with forms of language

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Functions

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Importance of a perceived element of input

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Saliencey

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Instability in learner's linguistic systems

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Variation

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Performance error that is a random guess or a failure to utilize a known system correctly

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Mistakes

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Effect of language forms on each other across two or more languages

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Interlingual

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Pertaining to phenomena that act within one language

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Intralingual

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In nonverbal communication, conventions for acceptable physical distance between persons

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Proxemics

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Body language, gestures, eye contact, and other physical features of nonverbal communication

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Kinesics

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Intended meaning of the utterance or text within its context

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Illocutionary Force

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Types of language used within specified contexts

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Genres

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Examination of the relationship between forms and functions of language beyond the sentence level

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Discourse Analysis

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Effect and importance of the consequences of communicative speech acts

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Perlocutionary Force

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Conventions for conveying and interpreting the meaning of linguistic strings within their context andsettings

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Pragmatics

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Number of outcomes of a form, in either input of output, in a given amount of time

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Frequency

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An error that hinders communication or prevents a hearer (or reader) from comprehending some aspect of a message

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Global Errors

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Phenomena in which the learner seems to have grasped a rule or principle and then regresses to a previous stage

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Backsliding

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Acquisition of linguistic competence without intention to learn and without focal awareness of what has been learned as opposed to explicit learning

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Implicit Learning

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Acquisition of linguistic competence without conscious awareness of, or focal attention on, the forms of language, usually in the context of instruction

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Explicit Learning

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Relatively permanent incorporation of incorrect linguistic forms into a persons second language competence AKA stabilization

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Fossilization

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An idiosyncrasy in the language of the learner that is a direct manifestation of a system within which a learner is operating at the time

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Errors

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Conventions for selecting words, phrases, discourse and nonverbal language in specified contexts, such as intimate, casual, and consultative styles

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Styles

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Set of language variants commonly identified by certain phonological features, vocablulary, idioms, and/or other expressions that are associated with an occupational or socioeconomic group

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Register

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Approach to linguistic research that relies on computer analysis of a collection, or corpus, of texts -- written, transcribed speech, or both--stored in electronic form and analyzed with the help of computer software programs

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Corpus Linguistic

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Process by which the components of a task are coordinated, integrated, or reorganzied into new units, thereby allowing old components to be replaced by a more efficient procedure

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Restructuring

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Error that dos not prevent a message from being understood, usually due to a minor violation of one segment of a sentence, allowing the hearer/reader to make an accurate guess about the intended meaning

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Local Errors