Land Navigation (Mci 0381D)

Front 1

List the 3 components that make up the Land Navigation planning phase

Back 1

• Planning elements
  
• Route selection steps
  
• Navigation team considerations
  

Hint 1

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1-1

Front 2

What is the acronym for the standard set of elements in any tactical decision making?

Back 2

METT-TSL

Hint 2

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1-3

Front 3

What does METT-TSL stand for?

Back 3

• M - Mission
  
• E - Enemy information
  
• T - Terrain & Weather
  
• T - Troop & Fire Support
  

• T - Time
  
• S - Space
  
• L - Logistics
  

Hint 3

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1-3

Front 4

What are the two types of missions for an operating force?

Back 4

1. Patrols
   
2. Movement to contact
   

Hint 4

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1-4

Front 5

How many routes should you have to an objective?

Back 5

Two: a primary and an alternate route

Hint 5

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1-4

Front 6

What enemy information considerations must be taken into account when planning navigation routes?

Back 6

• Suspected or known enemy locations.
• Size, composition, and identification of enemy units
• Obstacles established by the enemy.

Hint 6

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 5

Front 7

What acronym can be used to analyze the terrain?

Back 7

KOCOA

Hint 7

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 6

Front 8

What does the acronym KOCOA stand for?

Back 8

• K - Key terrain
  
• O - Obstacles
  
• C - Cover & concealment
  
• O - Observations & fields of fire
  
• A - Avenues of approach
  

Hint 8

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 6

Front 9

What is the purpose of the troop and fire support elements?

Back 9

It allows the planners to conduct a map reconnaissance and terrain analysis to consider the unit size and maneuverability through dangerous areas.

Hint 9

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 8

Front 10

Why must you consider TSL in the planning phase?

Back 10

• Time - to allocate adequate time for navigating through the terrain.
  
• Space - Clearly identifies the boundaries of both friendly and enemy locations.
• Logistics - Identifying key terrain that can be used for resupply.

Hint 10

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 9

Front 11

What are the 4 types of reconnaissance?

Back 11

1. Aerial
   
2. Photo
   
3. Ground
   
4. Map
   

Hint 11

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 14

Front 12

What are the four steps in selecting a route?

Back 12

1. Locate/plot the starting point & objective
   
2. Plot all areas to avoid
3. Study & evaluate the terrain
   
4. Select the route
   

Hint 12

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 15

Front 13

What is involved in creating checkpoints?

Back 13

Converting the route you have selected into "legs" which will allow your team to track progress & evaluate the navigation plan.

Hint 13

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 16

Front 14

What is a line checkpoint?

Back 14

A natural or man-made feature which crosses a line of march.

Hint 14

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 16

Front 15

What are some examples of line checkpoints?

Back 15

1. Roads
2. Trails
3. Railroads
4. Streams

Hint 15

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 16

Front 16

What is a point checkpoint?

Back 16

They are more specific than line checkpoints (i.e., specific objects or terrain features that can identify an exact location).

Hint 16

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 17

Front 17

What are some examples of point checkpoints?

Back 17

1. Hilltops
2. Buildings
3. Small lakes or ponds

Hint 17

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 17

Front 18

What is an ideal checkpoint?

Back 18

A checkpoint that is a combination of a line and point checkpoint.

Hint 18

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 18

Front 19

What are some examples of an ideal checkpoint?

Back 19

1. Road junction
2. Stream junction
3. Road and building

Hint 19

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 18

Front 20

How far apart should checkpoints be?

Back 20

Approximately 700 meters apart

Hint 20

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 18

Front 21

What must you confirm before departing on a patrol?

Back 21

You must confirm that you are at the correct pre-determined starting point for the navigation mission.

Hint 21

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 21

Front 22

How do you confirm a pre-determined starting point?

Back 22

Confirm with the team members; specifically the navigator and patrol leader.

Hint 22

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 22

Front 23

What specific tasks or positions are assigned during land navigation mission?

Back 23

1. The Navigator
2. The Patrol Leader
3. Two pacers

Hint 23

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 23

Front 24

How many duties should each member have?

Back 24

Try to assign only one duty per member when possible and have a primary & an alternate for verification purposes.

Hint 24

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 23

Front 25

What does the Navigator do?

Back 25

He ensures accurate navigation, therefore, he should not be burdened with other responsibilities.

Hint 25

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 23

Front 26

Where should the navigator be located?

Back 26

1. Take a position as the 2nd or 3rd person in formation to optimize the control and direction of the point man.
2. Carry all necessary navigational equipment.
3. Advise the patrol leader of any necessary en route changes to the navigation plan.

Hint 26

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 23

Front 27

What are the Patrol Leader's duties?

Back 27

1. Monitor the work of the navigator.
2. Maintain decision making authority for recommendations from the navigator as the navigation plan changes.

Hint 27

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 24

Front 28

What are the Pacer's duties?

Back 28

1. Know their own pace count
2. Maintain some sort of method to record distance for every 100 meters.
3. Send up the pace count at a predetermined value such as 200 meters.

Hint 28

Reference MCI 0381D pg 1- 24

Front 29

What does the scale represent on a topographic map?

Back 29

It's a representative fraction to determine the relationship of distance on the map to distance on the earth's surface.

Hint 29

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 5

Front 30

What does 1:50,000 on a map scale mean?

Back 30

One inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the earth's surface

Hint 30

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 5

Front 31

What does the second number of the map scale illustrate?

(e.g., 1:10,000)

Back 31

The lower the second number, the more detail; vice versa.

Hint 31

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 5

Front 32

What does a higher edition number on a map mean?

Back 32

The higher the number, the more recent the map and the more accurate the information.

Hint 32

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 5

Front 33

What does the elevation guide on a map depict?

Back 33

• Shows how terrain differences, bands for elevation, spot elevations, and major drainage features are presented on the map.
  
• It also helps to quickly identify major landforms
  

Hint 33

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 7

Front 34

What does the declination diagram on a map illustrate?

Back 34

• It represents the angular relationship (grid-magnetic or G-M angle) of true north, grid north, and magnetic north on the map.
• Often, there is a conversion guide to change between magnetic and grid azimuths.
  

Hint 34

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 7

Front 35

What is the purpose of bar scales on a map?

Back 35

Bar scales are used to convert map distance to ground distance.

Hint 35

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 8

Front 36

What is the purpose of a contour interval note on a map?

Back 36

This note states vertical distance between adjacent contour lines. With supplementary contours, interval is indicated.

Hint 36

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 8

Front 37

What does the following map color mean: Black

Back 37

Man-made features, such as buildings and roads.

Hint 37

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 9

Front 38

What does the following map color mean: Green

Back 38

Vegetation with a military significance, such as woods and orchards.

Hint 38

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 9

Front 39

What does the following map color mean: Reddish-Brown

Back 39

On newer maps, all cultural features (boundaries and major roads) and elevation (contour lines).

Hint 39

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 9

Front 40

What does the following map color mean: Brown

Back 40

Relief features and elevations, in the form of contour lines.

Hint 40

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 9

Front 41

What does the following map color mean: Red

Back 41

Cultural features, such as populated areas, main roads, and boundaries.

Hint 41

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 9

Front 42

What does the following map color mean: Blue

Back 42

Water & streams

Hint 42

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 9

Front 43

What is a map grid system?

Back 43

It is a series of lines that interconnect superimposed (laid over) on a map that allows one to quickly find locations.

Hint 43

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 13

Front 44

On a grid square, the vertical lines increase in value from?

Back 44

West to East

Hint 44

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 14

Front 45

On a grid square, the horizontal lines increase in value from?

Back 45

South to North

Hint 45

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 14

Front 46

How many coordinate types are there on a map?

Back 46

There are three

Hint 46

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 14

Front 47

Identify the three coordinate types on a map.

Back 47

• 4-digit coordinate = 1,000 x 1,000 meters
• 6-digit coordinate = 100 x 100 meters
• 8-digit coordinate = 10 x 10 meters
  

Hint 47

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 14

Front 48

What is the purpose of the base lines on a protractor?

Back 48

Base lines intersect at the index mark and can be used for finding coordinates.

Hint 48

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 15

Front 49

What is the purpose of the coordinate scales on a protractor?

Back 49

Coordinate scales are used to measure distances of 1000 meters or less on corresponding maps.

Hint 49

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 15

Front 50

Where is the zero-zero point placed on a grid square within a map?

Back 50

The bottom left corer of the grid square.

Hint 50

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 15

Front 51

Where is the degrees and mils located on a protractor?

Back 51

The inner scales shows degrees (0-360) increasing clockwise, whereas the outer scale shows mils (0-6400) increasing clockwise.

Hint 51

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 15

Front 52

What is one degree equal to in mils?

Back 52

1 degree = 17.8 mils

Hint 52

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 15

Front 53

What are the three guidelines established for finding points on a map?

Back 53

1. Always read grid lines from left to right; then up (i.e., right & up)
2. Identify the vertical line (read/move/trace right) related to the coordinate.
3. Identify the horizontal line (read/move/trace up) related to the coordinate.

Hint 53

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 16

Front 54

Contour lines are used by map makers to...

Back 54

Show the shape of land forms, to include hills, valleys, or streams and elevation on standard topographic maps.

Hint 54

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 26

Front 55

Are all points on a contour line at the same elevation?

Back 55

Yes

Hint 55

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 26

Front 56

What are the 5 types of contour lines?

Back 56

1. Index
2. Intermediate
3. Supplementary
4. Cliff
5. Depression

Hint 56

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 26

Front 57

How is the following contour line type depicted on a map?

Index contour lines

Back 57

Heavy brown solid lines with elevations values shown

Hint 57

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 26

Front 58

How is the following contour line type depicted on a map?

Intermediate contour lines

Back 58

• Light brown solid lines that fall between the index lines
• Narrower and only numbered if there is no index line depicted
  

Hint 58

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 26

Front 59

How is the following contour line type depicted on a map?

Supplementary contour lines

Back 59

Dashed lines that show sudden changes in elevation of at least one-half the contour interval

Hint 59

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 26

Front 60

How is the following contour line type depicted on a map?

Cliffs

Back 60

Series of solid contour lines very close together

Hint 60

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 26

Front 61

How is the following contour line type depicted on a map?

Depression

Back 61

Solid contour line with tick marks extending from line in direction of the depression

Hint 61

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 26

Front 62

Why is it important to know the elevation of the location where the land navigation will be conducted?

Back 62

• At higher elevations, weather can change quickly, breathing can become difficult; and barrels of automatic weapons become hotter more quickly with sustained fire.
• Higher elevations can also be used to your advantage in a firefight.

Hint 62

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 27

Front 63

What are the four methods for determining elevations on a map?

Back 63

1. Points on contour lines
2. Points not on contour lines
3. Benchmarks
4. Spot elevations

Hint 63

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 27

Front 64

If the point is less than _______ the distance between contour lines, the elevation is the same as the closest contour line.

Back 64

One-fourth

Hint 64

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 28

Front 65

Add one-half the contour interval to the last contour line to estimate the elevation of a point between _______________ the distance between contour lines.

Back 65

One-fourth and three-fourths

Hint 65

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 28

Front 66

What do terrain features provide?

Back 66

Both protection and barriers

Hint 66

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 33

Front 67

What are the two categories that terrain features can be broken down into?

Back 67

1. Observations
2. Checkpoints, but dangerous for travel

Hint 67

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 34

Front 68

Describe a feature.

Back 68

Features are higher in relation to the surrounding ground.

Hint 68

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 34

Front 69

How are hills or mountains depicted on a map?

Back 69

Identified by contour lines forming concentric circles, with a closed circle at the hilltop.

Hint 69

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 34

Front 70

What are ridges?

Back 70

Ridges are a series of hills or mountains connected for short or long lengths and variations in elevation.

Hint 70

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 35

Front 71

What is a saddle?

Back 71

A saddle is a gentle (but still relatively high) dip between two higher points, seen in an hourglass shape on topographical maps.

Hint 71

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 35

Front 72

What are fingers?

Back 72

Fingers are short, continuous sloping areas of higher ground, formed by two roughly parallel draws; seen on map as contour lines forming a “U” or a “V” pointing away from high ground

Hint 72

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 36

Front 73

What are draws?

Back 73

Draws are short continuous sloping lines of low ground represented by contour lines shaped in a “U” or “V” pointing toward high ground.

Hint 73

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 37

Front 74

What is a valley?

Back 74

A valley exists between two roughly parallel ridges, often with streams or rivers running through them.

Hint 74

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 37

Front 75

What is a cut and fill?

Back 75

A cut is a place where the earth has been removed, and a fill is where earth has been added.

Hint 75

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 38

Front 76

What is a depression?

Back 76

Depressions are low points including a sinkhole or hole in the ground.

Hint 76

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 38

Front 77

What is a cliff?

Back 77

Cliffs are vertical or near vertical terrain features represented by converging contour lines that, depending on the angle, can merge into one.

Hint 77

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 39

Front 78

Define slope

Back 78

The rate of rise or fall of a hill is known as its slope.

Hint 78

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 40

Front 79

How can you distinguish between a steep and gentle slope on a map?

Back 79

The closer the contour lines, the steeper the slope and the farther apart the contour lines, the gentler the slope.

Hint 79

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 40

Front 80

What are the four types of slopes?

Back 80

1. Uniform gentle
2. Uniform steep
3. Concave
4. Convex

Hint 80

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 40

Front 81

How can you identify a uniform gentle slope on a map?

Back 81

A uniform gentle slope has contour lines wide apart and evenly spaced.

Hint 81

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 40

Front 82

How can you identify a uniform steep slope on a map?

Back 82

The contour lines of a uniform steep slope are evenly spaced and close together.

Hint 82

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 41

Front 83

How can you identify a concave slope on a map?

Back 83

Contour lines on a concave slope are closely spaced at the top of the terrain and widely spaced at the bottom.

Hint 83

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 41

Front 84

How can you identify a convex slope on a map?

Back 84

A convex slope has contour lines that are widely spaced at the top and closer at the bottom.

Hint 84

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 42

Front 85

What is the acronym SOSES used for?

Back 85

It is used to describe a certain land form to another person.

Hint 85

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 43

Front 86

What does the acronym SOSES stand for?

Back 86

• S - Shape
• O - Orientation
• S - Size
• E - Elevation
• S - Slope

Hint 86

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 43

Front 87

In terms of calculating distances, what is the price of an incorrect calculation?

Back 87

The price of an incorrect calculation at best means time lost; at worst, it can mean injury or death.

Hint 87

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 49

Front 88

What are some things to remember when measuring for navigation?

Back 88

• Isolate yourself.
• Find a flat surface on which to work.
• Use accurate measuring devices and a sharp pencil.
• Use an unmarked straightedge for each new measurement.
• Record the measurements you need.
• Take your time.
• Recheck and share your work.
• Remove all marks from map after navigation is complete.

Hint 88

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 51

Front 89

1 kilometer equals how many miles?

Back 89

0.621 miles

Hint 89

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 51

Front 90

How many inches is one meter?

Back 90

39.37 inches

Hint 90

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 51

Front 91

How many meters is equal to one kilometer?

Back 91

1,000 meters

Hint 91

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 51

Front 92

What is the trick to converting meters to kilometers?

Back 92

Move the decimal point three places to the left.

Hint 92

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 51

Front 93

What is the trick to converting kilometers to meters?

Back 93

Move the decimal point to the right, adding zeros when necessary.

Hint 93

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 51

Front 94

What are three types of graphic scales that can be used when measuring distances for land navigation?

Back 94

• Coordinate scales on a protractor
• Compass straightedge
• Bar scales on a military map
  

Hint 94

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 52

Front 95

When do you use the coordinate scales on a protractor to measure distances?

Back 95

Use the coordinate scales on the protractor only when the scales match up to the map and you are measuring distances less than a mile.

Hint 95

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 52

Front 96

When do you use the lensatic compass straightedge to measure distances?

Back 96

The straightedge of a lensatic compass can only be used for maps with a scale of 1:50,000 and measures up to 6,000 meters (6 km) of ground distance.

Hint 96

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 53

Front 97

When do you use the bar scale to measure distances?

Back 97

Map bar scales are used for distances over one mile. Check to ensure the bar scale line and unit of measurement are the same.

Hint 97

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 53

Front 98

What are the left and right side of the bar scales called?

Back 98

The right side of the bar scale is marked in full units and is called the primary scale. The left side is divided into tenths and is called the extension scale.

Hint 98

Reference MCI 0381D pg 2 - 53