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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nervous system
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one of the control systems of the body
composed primarily of nervous tissue |
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nervous tissue
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consists of neurons and supporting cells
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neurons
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contain fibers (axons and dendrites) extending from their cell bodies
initiate and conduct electrical impulses functional unit of the nervous system |
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supporting cells
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surround and support neurons
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central nervous system
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brain and spinal cord
contains supporting cells called neuroglia |
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3 major functions of CNS
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1. recieves sensory input about internal and external environment
2. integrates sensory input 3. initiates motor output to muscles and glands |
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forebrain
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space is lateral and third ventricles
cranial nerves I and II |
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midbrain
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space is cerebral aqueduct
cranial nerves III and IV |
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hindbrain
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space is fourth ventricle
cranial nerves V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII |
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peripheral nervous system
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consists primarily of nerves
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2 functions of the PNS
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1. its nerves conveys sensory input to the CNS
2. its nerves convey motor output to muscles and glands |
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nerve
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collection of nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue sheaths
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Schwann cells
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supporting cells of the PNS
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meninges
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3 membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater |
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space between arachnoid mater and pia mater
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subarachnoid space which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
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gray matter
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areas that contain mostly cell bodies
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white matter
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areas that contain mostly nerve fibers
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spinal cord
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space is central canal
31 pairs of spinal nerves |
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reflex
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response to a stimulus
simple (basic) reflexes acquired (conditioned) reflexes |
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reflex arc
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pathway of a reflex
5 components |
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5 components of the reflex arc
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sensory receptor
sensory (afferent) pathway integration center motor (efferent) pathway effector |
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visceral reflexes
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smooth muscle
cardiac muscle glands (pupillary reflex) |
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somatic reflexes
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skeletal muscles
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aqueduct
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a channel or passageway
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arachnoid
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like a spider web
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arbor
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tree-like structure
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cauda
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tail
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cerebellum
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little brain
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cerebro
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brain
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chiasm
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X-shaped
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conus
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a cone
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dura
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hard (tough)
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encephalo
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brain
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equina
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horse
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falx
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sickle-shaped structure
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filum
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thread-like structure
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ganglion
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a knot
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mater
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mother
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meninx
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a membrane
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oblongata
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oblong
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peduncle
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stem-like connecting part
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pia
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tender
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pinea
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pine cone
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pons
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a bridge
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quadrigeminum
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four parts
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tentorium
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a tent
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terminalis
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at the end; ending
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thalamos
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inner chamber
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vermis
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worm-like structure
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vita
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life
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dura mater
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protects brain
falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli |
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arachnoid mater
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protects brain and absorbs cerebrospinal fluid
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pia mater
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protects brain
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forebrain
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cerebrum and diencephalon
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cerebrum
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perception, cognition, and higher motor functions
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frontal lobes
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voluntary motor activity, speech, and thinking
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parietal lobes
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integrate sensory input from body's surface about cold, heat, touch, pressure, and pain
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temporal lobes
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recieves sensory input about sound
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occipital lobes
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process visual sensory input
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corpus callosum
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fibers connect cerebral hemispheres
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olfactory tracts
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carry sensory input about smell
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olfactory bulbs
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recieve sensory input from CN I
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diencephalon
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...
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thalamus
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integrates and relays all types of sensory input to cerebrum
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hypothalamus
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integration center for many homeostatic functions
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infundibulum
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connects hypothalamus and pituitary gland
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pineal gland
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controls body rhythms
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optic nerves
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carry sensory input about vision
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optic chiasm
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where some optic nerve fibers cross to opposit side
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optic tracts
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carry sensory input about vision
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midbrain
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attachment site of CN III and IV
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cerebral peduncles
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contain fibers that carry motor output from cerebrum to other regions of CNS
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corpora quadrigemina
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visual and auditory reflex centers
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cerebellum
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smooths and coordinaties skeletal muscle movements
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pons
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attachment site of CN V, VI, and VII
has respiratory centers and fiber tracts that connect cerbrum to cerebellum and to spinal cord |
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medulla oblongata
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CN VIII attaches at pons-medulla border
attachment site of CN IX, X, XI, and XII controls respiration and heart rate fiber tracts carry motor output from midbrain to spinal cord |
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dura mater
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protects spinal cord
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arachnoid mater
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protects spinal cord and absorbs cerebrospinal fluid
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pia mater
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protects spinal cord
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spinal nerves
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sensory input travels along nerve fibers to spinal cord and motor output travels along nerve fibers to effectors
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anterior roots
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fibers carry motor information
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posterior roots
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fibers carry sensory information
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filum terminale
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anchors spinal cord
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