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83 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
nervous system
one of the control systems of the body
composed primarily of nervous tissue
nervous tissue
consists of neurons and supporting cells
neurons
contain fibers (axons and dendrites) extending from their cell bodies
initiate and conduct electrical impulses
functional unit of the nervous system
supporting cells
surround and support neurons
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
contains supporting cells called neuroglia
3 major functions of CNS
1. recieves sensory input about internal and external environment
2. integrates sensory input
3. initiates motor output to muscles and glands
forebrain
space is lateral and third ventricles
cranial nerves I and II
midbrain
space is cerebral aqueduct
cranial nerves III and IV
hindbrain
space is fourth ventricle
cranial nerves V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII
peripheral nervous system
consists primarily of nerves
2 functions of the PNS
1. its nerves conveys sensory input to the CNS
2. its nerves convey motor output to muscles and glands
nerve
collection of nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue sheaths
Schwann cells
supporting cells of the PNS
meninges
3 membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
space between arachnoid mater and pia mater
subarachnoid space which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
gray matter
areas that contain mostly cell bodies
white matter
areas that contain mostly nerve fibers
spinal cord
space is central canal
31 pairs of spinal nerves
reflex
response to a stimulus
simple (basic) reflexes
acquired (conditioned) reflexes
reflex arc
pathway of a reflex
5 components
5 components of the reflex arc
sensory receptor
sensory (afferent) pathway
integration center
motor (efferent) pathway
effector
visceral reflexes
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands
(pupillary reflex)
somatic reflexes
skeletal muscles
aqueduct
a channel or passageway
arachnoid
like a spider web
arbor
tree-like structure
cauda
tail
cerebellum
little brain
cerebro
brain
chiasm
X-shaped
conus
a cone
dura
hard (tough)
encephalo
brain
equina
horse
falx
sickle-shaped structure
filum
thread-like structure
ganglion
a knot
mater
mother
meninx
a membrane
oblongata
oblong
peduncle
stem-like connecting part
pia
tender
pinea
pine cone
pons
a bridge
quadrigeminum
four parts
tentorium
a tent
terminalis
at the end; ending
thalamos
inner chamber
vermis
worm-like structure
vita
life
dura mater
protects brain
falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli
arachnoid mater
protects brain and absorbs cerebrospinal fluid
pia mater
protects brain
forebrain
cerebrum and diencephalon
cerebrum
perception, cognition, and higher motor functions
frontal lobes
voluntary motor activity, speech, and thinking
parietal lobes
integrate sensory input from body's surface about cold, heat, touch, pressure, and pain
temporal lobes
recieves sensory input about sound
occipital lobes
process visual sensory input
corpus callosum
fibers connect cerebral hemispheres
olfactory tracts
carry sensory input about smell
olfactory bulbs
recieve sensory input from CN I
diencephalon
...
thalamus
integrates and relays all types of sensory input to cerebrum
hypothalamus
integration center for many homeostatic functions
infundibulum
connects hypothalamus and pituitary gland
pineal gland
controls body rhythms
optic nerves
carry sensory input about vision
optic chiasm
where some optic nerve fibers cross to opposit side
optic tracts
carry sensory input about vision
midbrain
attachment site of CN III and IV
cerebral peduncles
contain fibers that carry motor output from cerebrum to other regions of CNS
corpora quadrigemina
visual and auditory reflex centers
cerebellum
smooths and coordinaties skeletal muscle movements
pons
attachment site of CN V, VI, and VII
has respiratory centers and fiber tracts that connect cerbrum to cerebellum and to spinal cord
medulla oblongata
CN VIII attaches at pons-medulla border
attachment site of CN IX, X, XI, and XII
controls respiration and heart rate
fiber tracts carry motor output from midbrain to spinal cord
dura mater
protects spinal cord
arachnoid mater
protects spinal cord and absorbs cerebrospinal fluid
pia mater
protects spinal cord
spinal nerves
sensory input travels along nerve fibers to spinal cord and motor output travels along nerve fibers to effectors
anterior roots
fibers carry motor information
posterior roots
fibers carry sensory information
filum terminale
anchors spinal cord