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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Serum Albumin
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The level of albumin (protein) in the blood is a measure of good nutrition.
Normal Range: 3.6 - 5.0 g/dL |
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PT
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Prothrombin Time - measures the time it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of the blood to clot. The prothrombin time is the time it takes plasma to clot after addition of tissue factor (obtained by animals). When any of the blood clotting factors are lacking or not working properly, the PT is prolonged
Normal Range: 12 - 15 seconds |
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PTT
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Partial Thromboplastin Time - Blood test that looks at how long it takes for blood to clot. Identifies bleeding or clotting problems. An activator and calcium (to reverse the anticoagulant effect of the oxalate) are mixed into the plasma sample. The time is measured until a thrombus (clot) forms. Shortening of the PTT has little clinical relevance. A longer-than-normal PTT can mean a lack of or low level of one of the blood clotting factors or another substance needed to clot blood.
Normal Range: 30 - 45 seconds |
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INR
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International Normalized Ratio - a standard unit used to report the result of the PT test. Provides a way of standardizing the results of prothrombin time tests, no matter the testing method. A high INR level such as INR=5 indicates that there is a high chance of bleeding, whereas if the INR=0.5 then there is a high chance of having a clot.
Normal Range: 0.8 - 1.2 |
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Blood Culture
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A test to find an infection in the blood. The blood does not normally have any bacteria or fungi in it. A blood culture can show what bacteria or fungi are in the blood.
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How is a blood culture done?
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The blood culture is done with a simple blood draw performed after the skin is wiped with an alcohol pad, then smeared with a special antibacterial solution. This careful skin sterilization is important because it prevents contamination of the blood that's being drawn. It kills bacteria that may be on the surface of the skin so that they don't appear in the blood culture and interfere with identification of the germ causing the infection.
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bacteremia
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A bacterial infection in the blood
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Sputum Culture
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A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that are infecting the lungs or breathing passages.
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Sputum
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A thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the airways leading to the lungs.
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How is a sputum culture done?
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A sample of sputum is placed in a container with substances that promote the growth of bacteria or fungi. If no bacteria or fungi grow, the culture is negative. If organisms that can cause infection grow, the culture is positive. The type of bacterium or fungus will be identified with a microscope of by chemical tests.
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