Lab Test 1: A&p

Front 1

protected by upper 1/2 of skull, contains brain

Back 1

Cranial cavity

Front 2

- protected by “spine”, holds spinal cord

Back 2

Vertebral (Spinal) cavity

Front 3

- contains the viscera

Back 3

Ventral cavity

Front 4

protected by the ribcage

Back 4

Thoracic cavity (Thorax)

Front 5

(midline region of the chest) contains heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus

Back 5

Mediastinum

Front 6

lateral to the mediastinum

Back 6

Pleural cavity

Front 7

space between the doubled, pleural membranes which surround the lungs

Back 7

Pleural cavity

Front 8

a.k.a.pleura

Back 8

pleural membranes

Front 9

located within the mediastinum

Back 9

Pericardial cavity

Front 10

a space between the doubled, pericardial membranes
which surround the heart

Back 10

Pericardial cavity

Front 11

a.k.a. pericardium

Back 11

Pericardial cavity

Front 12

- found below the diaphragm

Back 12

Abdominopelvic cavity

Front 13

- has little bony protection
contains stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen,
kidneys, small intestine and the beginning of the large
intestine and is lined by doubled peritoneal
membranes

Back 13

Abdominal cavity (Abdomen)

Front 14

a.k.a. peritoneum

Back 14

Abdominal cavity (Abdomen)

Front 15

- protected by "hip bones" and
sacrum contains urinary bladder, sigmoid colon,
rectum, and in women, uterus and ovaries

Back 15

Pelvic cavity (Pelvis)

Front 16

Superior (Cranial)

Back 16

above- head

Front 17

Inferior (Caudal)

Back 17

below- away from head

Front 18

Anterior (Ventral)

Back 18

front of body

Front 19

Posterior (Dorsal)

Back 19

back of body

Front 20

Medial

Back 20

midline

Front 21

Lateral

Back 21

away from midline

Front 22

between medial and lateral

Back 22

intermediate

Front 23

closer to origin of the body part

Back 23

proximal

Front 24

farther from origin of body part

Back 24

distal

Front 25

toward body surface

Back 25

superficial (external)

Front 26

away from body surface

Back 26

deep (internal)

Front 27

divides body into right and left

Back 27

sagittal plane or section

Front 28

divides through the torso: anterior and posterior

Back 28

frontal (Coronal) plane

Front 29

diagonal: superior and inferior

Back 29

transverse/horozontal plane (cross section)

Front 30

Head, neck and trunk make up__

Back 30

axial part of body

Front 31

- the entire area of the head

Back 31

Cephalic region

Front 32

forehead

Back 32

frontal region

Front 33

eye

Back 33

orbital

Front 34

chin

Back 34

mental

Front 35

chest, anterior, superior

Back 35

pectoral

Front 36

where lefs meet trunk on front of body

Back 36

inguinal

Front 37

otic

Back 37

ear

Front 38

point of shoulder

Back 38

acromial

Front 39

between anus and genitalia

Back 39

perineal

Front 40

"ante-" means _____

Back 40

before

Front 41

back of elbow

Back 41

olecranal

Front 42

lateral areas of lower leg

Back 42

peroneal/fibular

Front 43

a collection of cells + intercellular material (the matrix) which
together perform a specific function.

Back 43

TISSUE

Front 44

family allows control

Back 44

NERVOUS

Front 45

family provides

Back 45

MUSCLE

Front 46

family covers or lines

Back 46

EPITHELIAL

Front 47

family supports

Back 47

CONNECTIVE

Front 48

EPITHELIAL TISSUE: singular?

Back 48

EPITHELIUM

Front 49

EPITHELIAL TISSUES: plural?

Back 49

EPITHELIA

Front 50

A. sheets of tissue which are cell-rich, matrix-poor
B. cells are tightly connected to neighbor cells

Back 50

EPITHELIAL TISSUES

Front 51

this family of tissue is found on surfaces next to openness as
coverings (for external surfaces) or linings (for internal surfaces)

Back 51

EPITHELIAL TISSUES

Front 52

the tissue has an apical surface which is exposed and a basal surface, which is
bound to underlying connective tissue by a basement membrane

Back 52

EPITHELIAL TISSUES

Front 53

E. the basement membrane =
basal lamina (glycoproteins made by epithelia)
+
reticular lamina (glycoproteins + fine fibers made by C.T.)
F. epithelial tissues have no blood vessels (avascularity), but do have nerves (innervation)

Back 53

EPITHELIAL TISSUES

Front 54

if damaged, this sheet-like family of tissues can heal by mitosis
singular plural

Back 54

EPITHELIAL TISSUES

Front 55

layer complexity: __&__

Back 55

simple or stratified

Front 56

cell shape__&__&__

Back 56

squamous or cuboidal or columnar

Front 57

1. thin, flat, irregularly-shaped cells
2. sheet of tissue is thinnest sheet possible
3. usual function = filter or exchange membrane

Back 57

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Front 58

known as ___when found in capillary walls and lining larger blood vessels

Back 58

ENDOTHELIUM

Front 59

"filter" in kidney

Back 59

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Front 60

known as ___when found in pericardial, pleural and peritoneal membranes

Back 60

MESOTHELIUM

Front 61

alveoli of lungs

Back 61

simple squamous epithilium

Front 62

1. cells are square when cut top to bottom
2. cells are hexagonal when viewed from surface
3. usual function = secretion

Back 62

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Front 63

specific locations:
a) most glands
b) surface of ovary
c) kidney tubules

Back 63

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Front 64

1. cells are columns when cut top to bottom
2. occasional cells specialized to be GOBLET CELLS which produce mucus
3. usual function = complex absorption or secretion

Back 64

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Front 65

specific locations:
a) lining stomach
b) lining small intestine
c) lining Fallopian tubes

Back 65

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Front 66

specific locations:
a) surface of skin - see surface of figure 5.1
b) lining of oral cavity and esophagus --see figure 23.12
c) lining of vagina

Back 66

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Front 67

1. surface cells are thin and flat (squamous)
2. lower layers of cells thicker (more cuboidal)
3. cells produced near basement membrane by mitosis and bump up .

Back 67

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Front 68

4. usual function = protection against abrasion

Back 68

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Front 69

1. surface layer of cells are dome-shaped and may have two nuclei
2. lower layers of cells are vary in shape between cuboidal and columnar

Back 69

Transitional Epithelium

Front 70

function = allows stretching

Back 70

Transitional Epithelium

Front 71

some specific locations:
a) lining of bladder and ureters

Back 71

Transitional Epithelium

Front 72

1. one layer thick with every cell touching the basement membrane
2. some cells tall and extend to surface; other cells appear more cuboidal
3. cilia "beat" and move secretions

Back 72

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Front 73

specific locations:
a) lining of most of the respiratory tract

Back 73

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Front 74

1. one layer thick with every cell touching the basement membrane
2. some cells tall and extend to surface; other cells appear more cuboidal

Back 74

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Front 75

most common function = air "conditioning"

Back 75

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Front 76

originate from the embryonic tissue called MESENCHYME.

Back 76

connective tissue

Front 77

rich in extracellular matrix and contain fewer cells than epithelial
tissues

Back 77

connective tissue

Front 78

provide a nutritive bed for epithelial tissues

Back 78

connective tissue

Front 79

can heal by mitosis.

Back 79

connective tissue

Front 80

a non-living molecular product with which connective tissue
cells surround themselves.

Back 80

matrix

Front 81

Matrix has two components:

Back 81

1. GROUND SUBSTANCE
2. FIBERS

Front 82

a combo of protein + polysaccharide

Back 82

proteoglycans

Front 83

Fibers come in three common varieties ...

Back 83

1) collagen fiber
2) elastic fiber
3) reticular fiber

Front 84

a.k.a. white fiber
- tough, broad, high tensile strength
- commonly stain blue or pink

Back 84

collagen fiber

Front 85

a.k.a. yellow fiber
- resilient, narrow, stretchable
- commonly stain black

Back 85

elastic fiber

Front 86

so fine it is hard to see

Back 86

reticular fiber

Front 87

produce connective tissues proper

Back 87

fibroblasts

Front 88

produce cartilages

Back 88

chondroblasts

Front 89

produce bony (osseous) tissues

Back 89

osteoblasts

Front 90

produce blood

Back 90

hemocytoblasts

Front 91

“light-weight” connective tissues

Back 91

Connective tissues proper

Front 92

“heavy-weight” connective
tissues. They can hold body structures up and fight gravity.

Back 92

Supportive connective tissues

Front 93

main type of cell in an Areolar Connective Tissue

Back 93

fibroblast "fiber-maker"

Front 94

predominance of collagen fibers

Back 94

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue (White Fibrous Tissue)

Front 95

bear pressure, yet resist abrasion and support soft
body parts

Back 95

CARTILAGES

Front 96

cells = chondrocytes found in spaces called lacunae.

Back 96

CARTILAGES

Front 97

avascular, cells get nutrients by diffusion from perichondrium

Back 97

CARTILAGES

Front 98

1] pearly, glass-like appearance, when fresh
2] matrix contains no visible fibers, although collagen protein is present
3] cells are found in round lacunae as singles or pairs

Back 98

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 99

specific locations: joints, nose, larynx, trachea, ribs
-functional design: smoothness, resilience under pressure

Back 99

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 100

specific locations - external ear, epiglottis, auditory tube

Back 100

Elastic Cartilage

Front 101

functional design - as with hyaline cartilage + highly flexible and
elastic,“boingy”

Back 101

Elastic Cartilage

Front 102

large amount of collagen, almost masking chondrocytes

Back 102

Fibrocartilage

Front 103

specific locations: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis,menisci

Back 103

Fibrocartilage

Front 104

functional design - as with hyaline cartilage + reinforced
with collagen to be a “shock absorber”

Back 104

Fibrocartilage