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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of guard cells |
They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata |
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What is the basic theory of paper chromatography |
It is a method used to seperate the individual plant pigments in a mixture. |
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Write the equation for photosynthesis |
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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Why is photosynthesis considered the most important chemical reaction on earth |
It produces life sustaining oxygen and sugars |
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Describe the role of the stomata in leaves |
It allows gases like CO2 to enter the leaf |
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How is chromatography used to study plant pigments |
By extracting pigments from the plant and then sorting them by their physical characteristics so they can be analyzed |
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Describe several products if photosynthesis important to humans |
Oxygen-performing aerobic cellular metabolism Carbohydrates Sugars - forming amino acids |
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What gas caused the ball on to expand? Why? |
Carbon dioxide, it is pressurized by the yeast which is a by product of fermentation |
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Describe the odor of the mixture what caused the odor? |
Alcohol by product if fermentation |
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What is the interrelationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration |
Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. Glucose is then turned back in carbon dioxide which is used in photosynthesis |
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Where does glycolysis occur within a typical eukaryotic cell and what are the end products of glycolysis |
Glycolysis occurs in the cystol and the end products are two private two NADH and two ATP |
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Explain why almost all life on earth is solar powered |
Plants all rely on the sun for their photosynthetic processes |
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How would you explain why some freshly baked bread or pizza crust steels like alcohol? What makes the dough rise? |
Some of the alcohol didn't evaporate from the fermentation. The dough rises from the CO2 produced |
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How does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells? |
In plant cells vesicles 1st line up to form a new cell wall whereas animal cells, the cell membrane pinches and divides |
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What is the significance of the S phase of interphase? |
It's where DNA replicates without thus the cell division wouldn't complete |
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What are some differences between animal and plant mitosis? |
Cytokinesis occurs differently and animal cells will have a centrosome |
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What is the difference between karyokinesis and cytokinesis? |
Karyokinesis divides a nucleus and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm |
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How many pairs of chromosomes will meiosis I have? |
23 |
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What is spermatogenesis |
The production of sperm |
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Where in the testes dies sperm formation take place? |
Seminiferous tubles |
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What is meiosis? |
Sexual reproduction (sex cells) |
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What cells undergo meiosis? |
Sex cells- sperm and egg |
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Diploid |
Total number of chromosomes |
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Haploid |
Half the diploid number |
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Synapsis |
Pairing up of homologous chromosomes |
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Crossing over |
Physical exchange of genetic material between homologous pairs |
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Explain how the chromosome number is reduced |
When the cell goes through meiosis it only produces half of the chromosomes |
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Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis |
Meiosis only involves sex cells and has 2 phases. They both form new cells |
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What did the pennies represent in the exercise? We're they an accurate representation? Why or why not |
The pennies represent alleles of parents. Yes because each penny had a dominant and recessive trait |
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Why were two coins used? |
Because each penny was used to represent a parent |
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What causes the marbling effect in Indian corn l? |
It is the result of transposons |
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What is the potential danger from receiving the wrong type of blood during a transfusion? |
Agglutination, clumping of red blood cells can occur which can be deadly |
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If you have type a blood which types of blood can you safely be tranfused with? How about an? How about type o? |
Type a- a and o Type ab - all types Type o- o only |
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Why is genetics considered one of the most important disciplines of biology? |
Because it can analyze of what we are made of and who our ancestors are. We can also find out more about our traits. |
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What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? |
Genotype js your genetic make up and phenotype is the physical characteristics |
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Why is inbreeding dangerous? |
Because they parents are closely related and could have the same gene they may have dangerous alleles that can be passed off to offspring easier |
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Anti-A not present, anti-b present, anti-Rh present |
A- |
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Anti-A present, anti-b not present anti-Rh not present |
B+ |
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Anti-A not present anti-b not present anti-Rh not present |
AB+ |
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Anti-A present anti-b present anti-Rh present |
O- |
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Anti-A not present anti-b not present anti-Rh present |
AB- |
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Why were strawberries used in this activity |
Because it is octoploid and has eight sets of chromosomes so it will yield a lot of DNA |
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What does the addition of alcohol doto the contents in the test tube? Why? |
It causes the DNA to precipitate |
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What is the chemical composition of DNA |
Sugars, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group |
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Comapre and contrast transcription and translation |
Compare- both need templates to proceed. Both have cytosine guankne uracil and adenine Contrast - product if transcription is mRNA and translation is a polypeptides chain. Translation occurs in ribosomes and transcription occurs in the nucleus |
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List and describe the functions of three types of RNA |
mRNA - carries genetic information copied from DNA rRNA - forms structure of ribosomes tRNA - move amino acids to the ribosome |
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Compare and contrast DNA and RNA |
compare- each nucleotide in both DNA and RNA is made up of a 5 carbon sugar, phosphate grouo, and nitrogenous base Contrast- ribose in RNA. RNA is single stranded. Uracil in RNA instead of thymine |
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On what basis does agarose gel electrophoresis seperate molecules? |
Of size by using electrical charge to attract negative molecules |
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Explain migration according to charge |
Opposites attract |
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What conclusion can be drawn from the results of same f? |
They were mixtures of dyes |
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Why is glycerol added to the solution before they are loaded into the Wells |
Adds weight to the dyes so they will sink in the Wells |
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What would happen if distilled water were substituted for buffer if either the chamber solution it the gel solution |
Nothing. |
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Where can one find genetic material in bacteria? |
In the cytoplasm in the necloid region |
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Why is knowing whether a bacterium is gram positive or gram negative important in medicine |
It is important because it will determine which type of treatment to do for patients |
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What are several sources of error in conducting gram stains? |
Weak iodine solution, stains too old, culture is too old, smear is too thick, decolorization is too long |
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Discuss several variable that may affect bacterial growth |
Temp, light, oxygen concentration, pH, osmotic pressure, radiation |
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Why is hand washing imperative |
To keep yourself and others safe from dangerous bacterias and viruses |
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Compare and contrast archaea and bacteria |
Compare- single celled organisms no nucleus of organelles reproduce asexually Contrast- bacteria contains peptidogylcan and bacteria can remain dormant for years as |
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Describe the major shales of bacteria and give an example of each |
Cocci sphere shaped Bacili- rod shaped Spirilla - twisted |
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What is the purpose of gram staining |
It determines cell size and arrangement |
